HomeCoursesMEDSCI 204: Pharmacology and ToxicologyLecture 16 Lecture 16 1. What is drug-drug interaction? One drug influences the pharmocology of anotherWhat is drug-drug interaction?== One drug influences the pharmocology of another 2. What are desirable outcomes of DDIs? "Counteracts poisons, better efficacy/safety"What are desirable outcomes of DDIs?== "Counteracts poisons, better efficacy/safety" 3. What are the undesirable outcomes of DDIs? "Decreased efficacy, toxicity"What are the undesirable outcomes of DDIs?=="Decreased efficacy, toxicity" 4. What are the types of efficacious effects? "additive/synergistic, antagonistic"What are the types of efficacious effects?== "additive/synergistic, antagonistic" 5. What is the benefit of additve effects? Lower doses means safer administration and less side effectsWhat is the benefit of additve effects?== Lower doses means safer administration and less side effects 6. When do drugs synergise? When they act on different receptors to an extent which is more than additiveWhen do drugs synergise?== When they act on different receptors to an extent which is more than additive 7. What is DDI pharmocodynamics? One drug affects the action of anotherWhat is DDI pharmocodynamics?== One drug affects the action of another 8. What is DDI pharmacokinetics? Drugs compete for ADME processesWhat is DDI pharmacokinetics?== Drugs compete for ADME processes 9. How is distribution affected by DDIs? Competition for protein binding/uptake transportersHow is distribution affected by DDIs?== Competition for protein binding/uptake transporters 10. How is metabolism affected by DDIs? ClearanceHow is metabolism affected by DDIs?== Clearance 11. How is excretion affected by DDIs? Competition for efflux transportersHow is excretion affected by DDIs? ==Competition for efflux transporters 12. How is absorption affected by DDIs? Reduced uptakeHow is absorption affected by DDIs?== Reduced uptake 13. What are examples of DDIs affecting A? "antibiotics can bind metal ions, decreasing absorption"What are examples of DDIs affecting A?== "antibiotics can bind metal ions, decreasing absorption" 14. How do adverse effects occur? When clearance is reducedHow do adverse effects occur? ==When clearance is reduced 15. How is therapeutic efficacy affected? "When metabolism is induced -> increased clearance, decreased blood conc., decreased efficacy"How is therapeutic efficacy affected?== "When metabolism is induced -> increased clearance, decreased blood conc., decreased efficacy" 16. What is an example of decreased metabolism? Cimetidine + warfrin leads to increased warfarin concentrationWhat is an example of decreased metabolism?== Cimetidine + warfrin leads to increased warfarin concentration 17. What is an example of decreased metabolism? Contraceptive + antibiotic (rifampicin) -> decreased contraceptive efficacyWhat is an example of decreased metabolism?== Contraceptive + antibiotic (rifampicin) -> decreased contraceptive efficacy 18. What is an example of decreased elimination? Penecillin + probenecid -> increased penecillinWhat is an example of decreased elimination?== Penecillin + probenecid -> increased penecillin 19. What is an example of decreased absorption? Antacids + statins -> antacids bind statins reducing absorptionWhat is an example of decreased absorption?== Antacids + statins -> antacids bind statins reducing absorption 20. What is an example of decreased absorption? Antacids + statins -> antacids bind statins reducing absorptionWhat is an example of decreased absorption?== Antacids + statins -> antacids bind statins reducing absorption 21. What can St John's wort affect? "HIV, immunosuppressents, SSRIs, warfarin, digoxin"What can St John's wort affect?== "HIV, immunosuppressents, SSRIs, warfarin, digoxin" 22. How may food affect ADME? "Delay gastric emptying, dairy inhibits absorption, caffiene reduces clearance, grapefruit juice inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism"How may food affect ADME? =="Delay gastric emptying, dairy inhibits absorption, caffiene reduces clearance, grapefruit juice inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism" 23. How does smoking cause DDIs? induces CYP142 -> increased clearance of antipsychotics (clozapine)How does smoking cause DDIs?== induces CYP142 -> increased clearance of antipsychotics (clozapine) 24. How does alcohol cause DDIs? "absorption (gastric emptying), increase elimiation (diuretic), induction, inhibition"How does alcohol cause DDIs?== "absorption (gastric emptying), increase elimiation (diuretic), induction, inhibition" Loading...
