HomeCoursesMEDSCI 204: Pharmacology and ToxicologyLecture 13 Lecture 13 1. What causes cancer? Abnormalities in DNAWhat causes cancer?== Abnormalities in DNA 2. Where do genetic faults in DNA come from? Carcinogens, replication errors, inheritedWhere do genetic faults in DNA come from?== Carcinogens, replication errors, inherited 3. What do DNA faults do? Activate oncogenes, inactivate tumour suppressor genesWhat do DNA faults do?== Activate oncogenes, inactivate tumour suppressor genes 4. What are common characteristics of cancer cells? Evading apoptosis, self sufficiency in GFs, insensitivity to antigrowth signals, tissue invasion and metastasis, unlimited replication potential, sustained angiogenesisWhat are common characteristics of cancer cells?== Evading apoptosis, self sufficiency in GFs, insensitivity to antigrowth signals, tissue invasion and metastasis, unlimited replication potential, sustained angiogenesis 5. What is the pathphysiological process of cancer? Growth and invasion, metastasis, paraneoplastic effectsWhat is the pathphysiological process of cancer?== Growth and invasion, metastasis, paraneoplastic effects 6. What are the top 5 cancers?= =Prostate, colon, breast, melanoma, lung What are the top 5 cancers?= =Prostate, colon, breast, melanoma, lung 7. What effect did mustard gas have on cancer? Regression (1942)What effect did mustard gas have on cancer?== Regression (1942) 8. What class of cancer drugs rose from mustard gas? Alkylating agentsWhat class of cancer drugs rose from mustard gas?== Alkylating agents 9. What cured choriocarcinoma in 1958? MethotrexateWhat cured choriocarcinoma in 1958? ==Methotrexate 10. What was shown to cure testicular cancer in 1978? CisplatinWhat was shown to cure testicular cancer in 1978?== Cisplatin 11. What was the first targeted therapy approved in 1998? HerceptinWhat was the first targeted therapy approved in 1998?== Herceptin 12. What causes chronic myelogenous leukaemia? Translocation of genetic material from chromosome 9 to chromosome 22What causes chronic myelogenous leukaemia?== Translocation of genetic material from chromosome 9 to chromosome 22 13. What is the target therapy for chronic myelogenous leukaemia? ImatinibWhat is the target therapy for chronic myelogenous leukaemia?== Imatinib 14. What do cytotoxic T lyphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) normally do? Suppress anti tumour T cell immune cytotoxicityWhat do cytotoxic T lyphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) normally do? ==Suppress anti tumour T cell immune cytotoxicity 15. How do monoclonal antibodies affect CTL-4 and PD-1? Bind and inhibit their actionHow do monoclonal antibodies affect CTL-4 and PD-1? ==Bind and inhibit their action 16. What are side effects of monoclonal antibodies? Colitis, dermatitis, endocrinopathyWhat are side effects of monoclonal antibodies? ==Colitis, dermatitis, endocrinopathy 17. What are adverse effects of DNA mutagenesis? CancerWhat are adverse effects of DNA mutagenesis?== Cancer 18. What are adverse effects of sex hormone deficiency?= Impotence, flushing What are adverse effects of sex hormone deficiency?= Impotence, flushing 19. What are adverse effects of blocking GFRs? Skin rash, diarrhoeaWhat are adverse effects of blocking GFRs?== Skin rash, diarrhoea 20. What are adverse effects of autoimmunity? Colitis, dermatitis, endocrinopathyWhat are adverse effects of autoimmunity?== Colitis, dermatitis, endocrinopathy Loading...
