HomeCoursesMEDSCI 204: Pharmacology and ToxicologyLecture 12 Lecture 12 1. How do drugs go wrong once registered? "Overdose poisoning, interactions, birth defects, hypersensitivity, organ selective, cancer"How do drugs go wrong once registered?== "Overdose poisoning, interactions, birth defects, hypersensitivity, organ selective, cancer" 2. How can you predict toxicity? Chemical natureHow can you predict toxicity?== Chemical nature 3. What does alteraction of a macromolecule function result in? "DNA mutation, loss of organ function, immune response"What does alteraction of a macromolecule function result in?== "DNA mutation, loss of organ function, immune response" 4. What ways does DNA replication cause organ failure/death? "Lack of cell regeneration, uncontrolled replication"What ways does DNA replication cause organ failure/death?== "Lack of cell regeneration, uncontrolled replication" 5. What are the levels of selection for animal trials? "Species, endpoint response, dose, route of administration, duration of test"What are the levels of selection for animal trials?== "Species, endpoint response, dose, route of administration, duration of test" 6. What is ADME influenced by? "Species, strain, gender, age, nutritional status"What is ADME influenced by?== "Species, strain, gender, age, nutritional status" 7. How can timing affect animal testing? Behavioural changes at night can affect interpretationHow can timing affect animal testing?== Behavioural changes at night can affect interpretation 8. What are the end points to look for? "Pharmacological, toxicity (direct), genotoxicity, immunotoxicity"What are the end points to look for?== "Pharmacological, toxicity (direct), genotoxicity, immunotoxicity" 9. What is the LD50? The dose required to kill 50% animalsWhat is the LD50? ==The dose required to kill 50% animals 10. What is the level that is considered safe? No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)What is the level that is considered safe?== No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) 11. What is ED50? Therapeutic benefit in 50% populationWhat is ED50? ==Therapeutic benefit in 50% population 12. What is therapeutic index? Ti equals LD50/ED50What is therapeutic index?== Ti equals LD50/ED50 13. What is considered safe Ti? <10What is considered safe Ti?== <10 14. What is the classification system now? Class 1 (bad) - Class 5 (good)What is the classification system now?== Class 1 (bad) - Class 5 (good) 15. What is Harber's rules? C x T equals K (exposure)What is Harber's rules? ==C x T equals K (exposure) 16. What are limitations to animal testing? "Limited choice of species, switch species during course of development, ADME variability, response ADME, lack of subjective ADR, lack of models"What are limitations to animal testing?== "Limited choice of species, switch species during course of development, ADME variability, response ADME, lack of subjective ADR, lack of models" Loading...
