HomeCoursesMEDSCI 203: Mechanisms of DiseaseLecture 30 Lecture 30 1. What is the defining feature of cancer? InvasionWhat is the defining feature of cancer?== Invasion 2. What is the feature of epithelial cells that allows invasion? Epithelial cells become loose/leakyWhat is the feature of epithelial cells that allows invasion?== Epithelial cells become loose/leaky 3. What helps cancer invade ECM and basement membranes? ProteasesWhat helps cancer invade ECM and basement membranes?== Proteases 4. What is a property of cancer cells that allows migration? They become motileWhat is a property of cancer cells that allows migration?== They become motile 5. Why do cancer cells live in abnormal substrates? Acquired resistanceWhy do cancer cells live in abnormal substrates?== Acquired resistance 6. What holds epithelial cells together "Adherins (E-cadherin, beta-catenin, alpha-catenin)"What holds epithelial cells together== "Adherins (E-cadherin, beta-catenin, alpha-catenin)" 7. How can epithelial structure be irreversibly changed in a cancerous way? Mutation silencing of cadherinsHow can epithelial structure be irreversibly changed in a cancerous way?== Mutation silencing of cadherins 8. How is epithelial structure reversibly changed? Cytokines/GFs repress cadherinsHow is epithelial structure reversibly changed?== Cytokines/GFs repress cadherins 9. What are the steps to epithelial - mesenchymal transition? "Polarity, adhesion, invasion, survival, stem cell"What are the steps to epithelial - mesenchymal transition?== "Polarity, adhesion, invasion, survival, stem cell" 10. What does SNAIL do? Allows loose connectionWhat does SNAIL do? ==Allows loose connection 11. What does a urokinase plasminogen activated receptor do? Binds uPA which activates plasmin (fibrinolytic) pathwayWhat does a urokinase plasminogen activated receptor do?== Binds uPA which activates plasmin (fibrinolytic) pathway 12. What does membrane type-1 MMP do? Cleaves ECM/activates proteasesWhat does membrane type-1 MMP do?== Cleaves ECM/activates proteases 13. What induces aggressive phenotypes during hypoxia? HIF (hypoxia induced factor) which activates hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) which responds to HGF > EMTWhat induces aggressive phenotypes during hypoxia?== HIF (hypoxia induced factor) which activates hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) which responds to HGF > EMT 14. What clones are selected for under hypoxic conditions? p53 deficient cells decrease apoptosis due to hypoxiaWhat clones are selected for under hypoxic conditions?== p53 deficient cells decrease apoptosis due to hypoxia 15. How does hypoxia help tumours during therapy? Therapy less effective (requires O2)How does hypoxia help tumours during therapy?== Therapy less effective (requires O2) 16. What induces metabolic stress? "Hypoxia, low pH, low glucose"What induces metabolic stress?== "Hypoxia, low pH, low glucose" 17. What induces angiogenesis? "Metabolic stress, inflammation, oncogenes, inactive p53 > VGEF"What induces angiogenesis?== "Metabolic stress, inflammation, oncogenes, inactive p53 > VGEF" 18. What does VGEF do? "Proliferation, survival, migration, differentiation, leaky"What does VGEF do? =="Proliferation, survival, migration, differentiation, leaky" 19. What is sprouting? Blood vessel epithelial migrate towards source of VGEFWhat is sprouting?== Blood vessel epithelial migrate towards source of VGEF 20. What are the stages of epithelial => carcinoma? "Hyperplasia, dysplasia/angiogenic > cancer"What are the stages of epithelial => carcinoma? =="Hyperplasia, dysplasia/angiogenic > cancer" 21. What is intussusception? Where tumour compresses blood vessel and blood vessel dividesWhat is intussusception? ==Where tumour compresses blood vessel and blood vessel divides 22. What is co option? Tumour grows along existing blood vessels > hypoxia > cell death of tumour > sproutingWhat is co option?== Tumour grows along existing blood vessels > hypoxia > cell death of tumour > sprouting 23. What is mimicry? Tumour cells mimic ECs and line blood vesselsWhat is mimicry?== Tumour cells mimic ECs and line blood vessels 24. What is vasculogenesis? Production of blood vessels from cancer stem cellsWhat is vasculogenesis?== Production of blood vessels from cancer stem cells 25. How is angiogenesis/vascular genesis of tumours treated? "Avastin, Sora fenib"How is angiogenesis/vascular genesis of tumours treated?== "Avastin, Sora fenib" Loading...
