HomeCoursesMEDSCI 203: Mechanisms of DiseaseLecture 29 Lecture 29 1. How do apoptotic mechanisms influence cancer development? High rates of apoptosis, reduced sensitivity to apoptosisHow do apoptotic mechanisms influence cancer development? == High rates of apoptosis, reduced sensitivity to apoptosis 2. What do cells activate during apoptosis? CaspasesWhat do cells activate during apoptosis?== Caspases 3. What do caspases activate? Phospholipase 2 What do caspases activate?== Phospholipase 2 4. What does phospholipase 2 activate? Arachadonic acidWhat does phospholipase 2 activate?== Arachadonic acid 5. What does release of arachadonic acid form? Prostaglandin E2What does release of arachadonic acid form?== Prostaglandin E2 6. What does prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) do in the presence of COX? ProliferationWhat does prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) do in the presence of COX?== Proliferation 7. What does proliferation do? Tumour growthWhat does proliferation do?== Tumour growth 8. How are macrophages involved in tissue repair? Release MMPs, PDGF, VEGF, TGF-betaHow are macrophages involved in tissue repair?== Release MMPs, PDGF, VEGF, TGF-beta 9. What do PDGF and TGF-beta do? Recruit myofibroblasts, remodel stromaWhat do PDGF and TGF-beta do?== Recruit myofibroblasts, remodel stroma 10. What does VEGF do? AngiogenesisWhat does VEGF do?== Angiogenesis 11. What is the result of apoptosis? Damaged/mutated cells surviveWhat is the result of apoptosis?== Damaged/mutated cells survive 12. What happens when mutant cells survive? Proliferation of mutated cellsWhat happens when mutant cells survive?==Proliferation of mutated cells 13. What happens as a result of proliferation of mutant cells? Become invasiveWhat happens as a result of proliferation of mutant cells?== Become invasive 14. What happens to normal cells when they leave their normal environment? AnoikisWhat happens to normal cells when they leave their normal environment? ==Anoikis 15. What happens with anoikis in tumours? Suppression, metastasisWhat happens with anoikis in tumours?== Suppression, metastasis 16. What is FASR FAS death receptorWhat is FASR== FAS death receptor 17. What activates FAS? FASL (eg. cytotoxic T cell or same cell)What activates FAS?== FASL (eg. cytotoxic T cell or same cell) 18. What does FAS activation do? FADDWhat does FAS activation do?== FADD 19. What does FADD activate? Initiator caspasesWhat does FADD activate?== Initiator caspases 20. What do initiator caspases do? Activate executioner caspasesWhat do initiator caspases do?== Activate executioner caspases 21. How is the FAS pathway inhibited? Mutation of FAS proteinHow is the FAS pathway inhibited?== Mutation of FAS protein 22. How does inhibiton of FAS lead to cancer? Cells don't express FASS and don't die through self apoptotic mechanisms, kill cells which express FAS (counter attack on T cells)How does inhibiton of FAS lead to cancer? ==Cells don't express FASS and don't die through self apoptotic mechanisms, kill cells which express FAS (counter attack on T cells) 23. How else can cancer suppress FAS pathways? Downregulate FADD, initiator caspasesHow else can cancer suppress FAS pathways?== Downregulate FADD, initiator caspases 24. What is BCL2? Translocation of oncotic gene on B cell chromosomeWhat is BCL2?== Translocation of oncotic gene on B cell chromosome 25. What does BCL2 do? Suppresses apoptosisWhat does BCL2 do?== Suppresses apoptosis 26. Where can BCL2 go? Mitochondrial membraneWhere can BCL2 go?== Mitochondrial membrane 27. What does BCL2 do in the mitochondria? Inhibits BAXWhat does BCL2 do in the mitochondria? ==Inhibits BAX 28. What does BAX do? ApoptosisWhat does BAX do?== Apoptosis 29. What is often deleted in cancer? BAXWhat is often deleted in cancer?== BAX 30. When is p53 activated? Cell stressWhen is p53 activated?== Cell stress 31. When is p53 inhibited?= =MDM2 protein When is p53 inhibited?= =MDM2 protein 32. How does DNA damage or abnormal cell cycling affect p53? Inhibits MDM2How does DNA damage or abnormal cell cycling affect p53?== Inhibits MDM2 33. What damages DNA leading to p53 and MDM2 suppression? IR, carcinogensWhat damages DNA leading to p53 and MDM2 suppression? ==IR, carcinogens 34. How can abnormal cell cycling be stimulated? Decrease in PRB, increase in RASHow can abnormal cell cycling be stimulated?== Decrease in PRB, increase in RAS 35. What is the correlation of p53 with cancer? Mutant p53 is usually presentWhat is the correlation of p53 with cancer?== Mutant p53 is usually present 36. What does p53 do? Controls/stimulates apoptosis, stops cell cycleWhat does p53 do?== Controls/stimulates apoptosis, stops cell cycle 37. What does p53 provide negative feedback to? MDM2What does p53 provide negative feedback to?== MDM2 38. What does p53 activate to stimulate apoptosis? Activates BAX, FAS, BidWhat does p53 activate to stimulate apoptosis?== Activates BAX, FAS, Bid Loading...
