HomeCoursesMEDSCI 203: Mechanisms of DiseaseLecture 28 Lecture 28 1. What is a normal human cell with 46 chromosomes called? EuploidWhat is a normal human cell with 46 chromosomes called?== Euploid 2. What is an abnormal human cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes called? AneuploidWhat is an abnormal human cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes called?== Aneuploid 3. What are the types of mutation from aneuploid cells? "Random, recurrent"What are the types of mutation from aneuploid cells?== "Random, recurrent" 4. What does a recurrent mutation tell us? It is functionally involved in cancer developmentWhat does a recurrent mutation tell us?== It is functionally involved in cancer development 5. What happens during amplification? Excess copy numbersWhat happens during amplification?== Excess copy numbers 6. How can excess copies arise? "Extra chromosomes, double minutes, one gene composed of a segment of chromosome (amplicons), homogeneously staining regions (reintegrated amplicons)"How can excess copies arise?== "Extra chromosomes, double minutes, one gene composed of a segment of chromosome (amplicons), homogeneously staining regions (reintegrated amplicons)" 7. Which gene is often amplified in cancer? EGFRWhich gene is often amplified in cancer?== EGFR 8. How do gene deletions occur? When a GF reulatory gene is deletedHow do gene deletions occur?== When a GF reulatory gene is deleted 9. What are examples of growth factor regulatory deletion? Exons 2-7 EGFRWhat are examples of growth factor regulatory deletion?== Exons 2-7 EGFR 10. How can chomosome translocation cause cancer? Translocation of growth control genes become deregulated in new environmentHow can chomosome translocation cause cancer?== Translocation of growth control genes become deregulated in new environment 11. How can point mutations cause cancer? "Activate RAS genes, fully transforming partially transformed cells > tumours"How can point mutations cause cancer?== "Activate RAS genes, fully transforming partially transformed cells > tumours" 12. How does inactivation cause cancer?= =Inheritance of one allele mutation and loss of remaining allele How does inactivation cause cancer?= =Inheritance of one allele mutation and loss of remaining allele 13. What is the normal function of proto-oncogenes? "Promote proliferation, suppress differentiation"What is the normal function of proto-oncogenes? =="Promote proliferation, suppress differentiation" 14. What is the normal function of tumour suppressor genes? "Inhibit proliferation, promote differentiation"What is the normal function of tumour suppressor genes?== "Inhibit proliferation, promote differentiation" 15. How can genetic changes induce cancer in proto oncogenes? "Amplification, deletion, translocation, point mutation"How can genetic changes induce cancer in proto oncogenes?== "Amplification, deletion, translocation, point mutation" 16. How can genetic changes in tumour suppressor genes cause cancer? Gene inactivation/silencingHow can genetic changes in tumour suppressor genes cause cancer?== Gene inactivation/silencing 17. How can genetic changes in tumour suppressor genes cause cancer? Gene inactivation/silencingHow can genetic changes in tumour suppressor genes cause cancer?== Gene inactivation/silencing Loading...
