HomeCoursesMEDSCI 203: Mechanisms of DiseaseLecture 27 Lecture 27 1. What cancers are high penetrance?= =Retinoblastomas What cancers are high penetrance?= =Retinoblastomas 2. What mutagens cause cancer? "xrays/gamma rays, UV radiation, aflatoxins, ROS, oncogenic viruses"What mutagens cause cancer?== "xrays/gamma rays, UV radiation, aflatoxins, ROS, oncogenic viruses" 3. What feature of mutations cause cancer? High frequencyWhat feature of mutations cause cancer?== High frequency 4. How do you know a mutation is significant for cancer causation? "Functionally significant in protein cascades, cells in culture become transformed when transfected, drugs that target mutant proteins, experiments on mice"How do you know a mutation is significant for cancer causation?== "Functionally significant in protein cascades, cells in culture become transformed when transfected, drugs that target mutant proteins, experiments on mice" 5. How many cancers are involved in DNA repair? 25%How many cancers are involved in DNA repair?== 25% 6. What type of repair is involved in proofreading and causes cancer if it becomes dysfunctional? Mismatch repairWhat type of repair is involved in proofreading and causes cancer if it becomes dysfunctional? ==Mismatch repair 7. What do cancers which do not exhibit mutations show? Epigenetic changes in DNAWhat do cancers which do not exhibit mutations show?== Epigenetic changes in DNA 8. What is a monoclonal cancer? Cancers arising from a single cellWhat is a monoclonal cancer?== Cancers arising from a single cell 9. What happens in x chromosome inactivation? One X chromosome is inactivated and all tumour cells are derived from one cellWhat happens in x chromosome inactivation?== One X chromosome is inactivated and all tumour cells are derived from one cell 10. What happens in B and T lymphomas? PCR generates one product of VDJ unitWhat happens in B and T lymphomas?== PCR generates one product of VDJ unit 11. How do mutations give evidence for monoclonal cancer? "When DNA insertion, deletion, duplication, rearrangement is the same in every cell"How do mutations give evidence for monoclonal cancer?== "When DNA insertion, deletion, duplication, rearrangement is the same in every cell" 12. How does mitochondria DNA reveal cancer? When every tumour cell has the same mitochondrial mutationHow does mitochondria DNA reveal cancer?== When every tumour cell has the same mitochondrial mutation 13. What are the parts of the phylogenetic tree of tumour evolution? "Trunk (parental clones), branches (subclones with common mutations), twigs subcoles private mutations)"What are the parts of the phylogenetic tree of tumour evolution?== "Trunk (parental clones), branches (subclones with common mutations), twigs subcoles private mutations)" 14. What is tumour evolution? Accumulation of mutationsWhat is tumour evolution? ==Accumulation of mutations 15. What type of mutations are selective? Public/early clonal/trunkWhat type of mutations are selective?== Public/early clonal/trunk 16. Which clones evolve neutrally? "Late subclonal, those that survive therapy"Which clones evolve neutrally?== "Late subclonal, those that survive therapy" 17. What is the advatage of a liquid biopsy? Non invasiveWhat is the advatage of a liquid biopsy? ==Non invasive 18. What fluids can be tested for cancer DNA? "Plasma, CSF, effusions, ascites"What fluids can be tested for cancer DNA? =="Plasma, CSF, effusions, ascites" 19. What can a liquid biopsy track of a tumour? Relative frequency over timeWhat can a liquid biopsy track of a tumour?== Relative frequency over time 20. What can a liquid biopsy tell on a big picture glance? "Total tumour mass, response to drugs"What can a liquid biopsy tell on a big picture glance?== "Total tumour mass, response to drugs" Loading...
