HomeCoursesMEDSCI 203: Mechanisms of DiseaseLecture 25 Lecture 25 1. What is a totipotent cell? Diploid zygoteWhat is a totipotent cell?== Diploid zygote 2. Which cells typically allow replenishment of tissues? Progenitor cellsWhich cells typically allow replenishment of tissues?== Progenitor cells 3. What are labile cells? Rapidly dividing cells What are labile cells?== Rapidly dividing cells 4. What are stable cells? Quiescent cells (divide only when stimulated)What are stable cells?== Quiescent cells (divide only when stimulated) 5. What are permanent cells? Don't typically divideWhat are permanent cells?== Don't typically divide 6. What are examples of labile cells? "Epithelial cells (barrier tissues), WBCs"What are examples of labile cells? =="Epithelial cells (barrier tissues), WBCs" 7. What cells are at increased risk to insult? Rapidly proliferating cellsWhat cells are at increased risk to insult?== Rapidly proliferating cells 8. Where are the stem cells in the gut?== At the bottom of crypts 9. What are examples of stable cells?== "Hepatocytes, renal tubular epithelial (functional tissue - parenchymal)" 10. What are examples of permanent cells? "Neurons, cardiac myocytes"What are examples of permanent cells?== "Neurons, cardiac myocytes" 11. What ways is growth adaptive? HypertrophyWhat ways is growth adaptive?== Hypertrophy 12. How may hyperplasia occur? "Cell division increase, decrease apoptosis"How may hyperplasia occur?== "Cell division increase, decrease apoptosis" 13. When does hyperplasia occur? "High altitude, increased RBCs"When does hyperplasia occur?== "High altitude, increased RBCs" 14. When does hyperplasia and hypertrophy occure? "Puberty, pregnancy"When does hyperplasia and hypertrophy occure?== "Puberty, pregnancy" 15. When does pathological hyperplasia occur? Endomentrial hyperplasiaWhen does pathological hyperplasia occur?== Endomentrial hyperplasia 16. What are causes of atrophy? "Paralysis (disuse atrophy) loss of fat/muscle (nutritional atropy), decrease in endometrium after menopause (physiological atrophy (aging)"What are causes of atrophy? =="Paralysis (disuse atrophy) loss of fat/muscle (nutritional atropy), decrease in endometrium after menopause (physiological atrophy (aging)" 17. What is hypoplasia? Failure to reach normal size during developmentWhat is hypoplasia? ==Failure to reach normal size during development 18. How is normal differentiation controlled? "Genes, other cells, environment"How is normal differentiation controlled?== "Genes, other cells, environment" 19. What is metaplasia? "Acquired, reversible change in differentiation"What is metaplasia? =="Acquired, reversible change in differentiation" 20. How does metaplasia occur? Genes activated due to environmental stimulusHow does metaplasia occur? ==Genes activated due to environmental stimulus 21. What is squamous metaplasia? Complex > simpleWhat is squamous metaplasia?== Complex > simple 22. What is an example of squamous metaplasia?== Ciliated columnar epitheliam to squamous epithelium due to insult from smoking 23. What is an example of glandular metaplasia? Squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium due to gastric reflux (Barrett's oesophagus)What is an example of glandular metaplasia?== Squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium due to gastric reflux (Barrett's oesophagus) 24. How can metaplasia increase the risk of dysplasia? Mitotic division to replace cells can increase risk of mutationHow can metaplasia increase the risk of dysplasia?== Mitotic division to replace cells can increase risk of mutation 25. What is dysplasia? Abnormal differentiation or organisationWhat is dysplasia? ==Abnormal differentiation or organisation 26. How can dysplasia occur? "Increase in division, different cell communication due to metaplasia/injury, genetics, environment"How can dysplasia occur?== "Increase in division, different cell communication due to metaplasia/injury, genetics, environment" 27. Where does dysplasia occur? Tissues undergoing insultWhere does dysplasia occur? ==Tissues undergoing insult 28. What might dysplasia develop into? NeoplasiaWhat might dysplasia develop into?== Neoplasia 29. What is required for dysplasia to develop into neoplasia? Mutations that allow progenitor cells to continue indefinitelyWhat is required for dysplasia to develop into neoplasia?== Mutations that allow progenitor cells to continue indefinitely 30. What is the difference between neoplastic and dysplastic growth? Displastic growth is controlled and finiteWhat is the difference between neoplastic and dysplastic growth?== Displastic growth is controlled and finite 31. What stops neoplasm? No oxygen/nutrientsWhat stops neoplasm? ==No oxygen/nutrients Loading...
