HomeCoursesMEDSCI 203: Mechanisms of DiseaseLecture 23 Lecture 23 1. What is blood pressure determined by? CO x TPRWhat is blood pressure determined by?== CO x TPR 2. What is cardiac output determined by? HR x SV (contractility)What is cardiac output determined by?== HR x SV (contractility) 3. What is TPR determined by? "Autoregulation, neural, hormonal"What is TPR determined by?== "Autoregulation, neural, hormonal" 4. What does the RAA system regulate? Blood volumeWhat does the RAA system regulate?== Blood volume 5. What senses hypotension/hypervolemia? "Baroceptors in carotid and aortic arteries, myoendothelial cells in afferent arteriole of kidney"What senses hypotension/hypervolemia?== "Baroceptors in carotid and aortic arteries, myoendothelial cells in afferent arteriole of kidney" 6. What does a decrese in blood volume/pressure lead to in the macula densa? Decrease in Na contentWhat does a decrese in blood volume/pressure lead to in the macula densa? ==Decrease in Na content 7. What causes renin release? "SNS (baroceptors), JG cells (decreased Na, decreased renal perfusion"What causes renin release?== "SNS (baroceptors), JG cells (decreased Na, decreased renal perfusion" 8. Where is angiotensin produced? LiverWhere is angiotensin produced?== Liver 9. What does renin do? Cleaves angiotensinogen to angiothensin IWhat does renin do?== Cleaves angiotensinogen to angiothensin I 10. What do ACE inhibiters of the lungs do? Convert ang I to ang IIWhat do ACE inhibiters of the lungs do?== Convert ang I to ang II 11. What does Ang. II bind to? Ang receptorsWhat does Ang. II bind to?== Ang receptors 12. What does ang II binding do? "increase vasoconstriction, increase SNA, aldosterone release"What does ang II binding do?== "increase vasoconstriction, increase SNA, aldosterone release" 13. What does increased vasoconstriction do? Increase in Na reabsorption -> increased H2O and Blood volumeWhat does increased vasoconstriction do?== Increase in Na reabsorption -> increased H2O and Blood volume 14. What are the types of hypertension? "Arterial, pulmonary, portal"What are the types of hypertension? =="Arterial, pulmonary, portal" 15. What are risk factors for hypertension? "Smoking, diabetes, cholesterol:HDL ratio"What are risk factors for hypertension?== "Smoking, diabetes, cholesterol:HDL ratio" 16. What is primary hypertension? Hypertension with no obvious cause (95% of all hypertension)What is primary hypertension? ==Hypertension with no obvious cause (95% of all hypertension) 17. What is secondary hypertension? "Increased blood pressure caused byWhat is secondary hypertension?== "Increased blood pressure caused by ==disease (renal, endocrine, neural, vascular)" 18. What are the etiological factors of primary hypertension? "Genetic predisposition, environmental factors"What are the etiological factors of primary hypertension? =="Genetic predisposition, environmental factors" 19. What are some predisposing genetic factors? "ACE, renin, NO, Angiotensin synthesis"What are some predisposing genetic factors?== "ACE, renin, NO, Angiotensin synthesis" 20. What are environmental factors for hypertension? "Dietary sodium, stress, smoking inactivity, obesity"What are environmental factors for hypertension?== "Dietary sodium, stress, smoking inactivity, obesity" 21. What is hypertension a risk factor for? "Atherosclerosis, left ventricle hypertrophy, cardiac failure, stroke, renal failure"What is hypertension a risk factor for?== "Atherosclerosis, left ventricle hypertrophy, cardiac failure, stroke, renal failure" 22. What is heart failure? Inability of heart to supply sufficient blood to itself resulting in infarctionWhat is heart failure?== Inability of heart to supply sufficient blood to itself resulting in infarction 23. What is low output failure? Insufficient supply due to diseasWhat is low output failure?== Insufficient supply due to diseas 24. What is high output failure? Inability to supply increased demandWhat is high output failure?== Inability to supply increased demand 25. What are tempory fixes for cardiac failure? "Hypertrophy, dilation, increased blood volume, catecholamine release, increased sympathetic activity, increased heart rate, vasoconstriction"What are tempory fixes for cardiac failure?== "Hypertrophy, dilation, increased blood volume, catecholamine release, increased sympathetic activity, increased heart rate, vasoconstriction" 26. What happens due to temporary fixes if heart failure is prolonged? "Increased blood volume > volume overload, increase cardiac output > high output failure, dilation > failure"What happens due to temporary fixes if heart failure is prolonged?== "Increased blood volume > volume overload, increase cardiac output > high output failure, dilation > failure" 27. What results from decompensation? "Hypoxia, backup in veins, increased pressure in left ventricle, oedema in lungs, congestion in right ventricle, congestion in visceral organs, oedema in legs"What results from decompensation?== "Hypoxia, backup in veins, increased pressure in left ventricle, oedema in lungs, congestion in right ventricle, congestion in visceral organs, oedema in legs" 28. What causes movent of fluids in and out of vessels? "Osmolarity, pressure gradients"What causes movent of fluids in and out of vessels?== "Osmolarity, pressure gradients" 29. What can cause oedema? "Increase hydrostatic pressure, hypo proteinaemia, lymphatic obstruction, sodium retention"What can cause oedema?== "Increase hydrostatic pressure, hypo proteinaemia, lymphatic obstruction, sodium retention" 30. What causes exudate to be released? "Inflammation, increased permeability, increased blood pressure"What causes exudate to be released? =="Inflammation, increased permeability, increased blood pressure" 31. What is a transudate? Fluid with low protein contentWhat is a transudate?== Fluid with low protein content 32. What causes haemmorrhage? "Trauma, atherosclerosis, erosion, inflammation, haemorrhagic diatheses"What causes haemmorrhage?== "Trauma, atherosclerosis, erosion, inflammation, haemorrhagic diatheses" 33. What is exudate? Protein rich fluidWhat is exudate?== Protein rich fluid 34. What are haemorrhagic diatheses? "Decreased platelet count, clotting factor defects, vessel fragility"What are haemorrhagic diatheses?== "Decreased platelet count, clotting factor defects, vessel fragility" 35. What is shock? systemic hypoperfusionWhat is shock?== systemic hypoperfusion 36. What causes shock? "Decreased cardiac output, decreased blood volume"What causes shock?== "Decreased cardiac output, decreased blood volume" 37. What results from shock? "Hypotension, decreased perfusion, hypoxia, sepsis"What results from shock?== "Hypotension, decreased perfusion, hypoxia, sepsis" Loading...
