HomeCoursesMEDSCI 203: Mechanisms of DiseaseLecture 20 Lecture 20 1. What are the layers of blood vessels? Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externaWhat are the layers of blood vessels?== Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa 2. What is the tunica externa also called? AdventitiaWhat is the tunica externa also called?== Adventitia 3. What cells comprise the tunica intima?== Endothelial, myointimal, basement membrane 4. What separates the tunica intima/media? Internal elastic laminaWhat separates the tunica intima/media?== Internal elastic lamina 5. What are the functions of endothelial cells? Barrier, control angiogenesis, regression, inflammationWhat are the functions of endothelial cells?== Barrier, control angiogenesis, regression, inflammation 6. What are the functions of the tunica media? Vasocontriction, secrete ECM, activate TGF-βWhat are the functions of the tunica media?== Vasocontriction, secrete ECM, activate TGF-β 7. What are the cells of the tunica media? Smooth muscleWhat are the cells of the tunica media?== Smooth muscle 8. What separates the tunica media and adventitia? external elastic laminaWhat separates the tunica media and adventitia? ==external elastic lamina 9. What does the adventitia contain? fibroblasts, leukocytes, nerves, lymphatics, blood vesselsWhat does the adventitia contain?== fibroblasts, leukocytes, nerves, lymphatics, blood vessels 10. Why do blood vessels requre blood vessels? Cells in the blood vessel require blood supplyWhy do blood vessels requre blood vessels?== Cells in the blood vessel require blood supply 11. Which tunica changes between blood vessel types? Tunica mediaWhich tunica changes between blood vessel types?== Tunica media 12. What are positive risk factors for atherosclerosis? Hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, ageWhat are positive risk factors for atherosclerosis?== Hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, age 13. What are negative risk factors for athersclerosis? Increase HDL, moderate alcohol consumption, exerciseWhat are negative risk factors for athersclerosis?== Increase HDL, moderate alcohol consumption, exercise 14. What are the hypothesised causes of atherogenesis? Endothelial cell injury, CHIP, smooth muscle migration, lipoprotein entry and oxidationWhat are the hypothesised causes of atherogenesis?== Endothelial cell injury, CHIP, smooth muscle migration, lipoprotein entry and oxidation 15. What can cause endothelial cell injury? Hypertension, chemical insult, cytokinesWhat can cause endothelial cell injury?== Hypertension, chemical insult, cytokines 16. What may endothelial cell damage lead to? Altered permeability, extravasation, thrombosisWhat may endothelial cell damage lead to?== Altered permeability, extravasation, thrombosis 17. What does extravasation of leukocytes lead to? InflammationWhat does extravasation of leukocytes lead to? ==Inflammation 18. Why are macrophages in plaque called foam cells? Foamy appearance through ingesting oxidised lipoprotiensWhy are macrophages in plaque called foam cells?== Foamy appearance through ingesting oxidised lipoprotiens 19. What happens when foam cells die? Cytoplasm enters extracellular spaceWhat happens when foam cells die?== Cytoplasm enters extracellular space 20. What is CHIP= =Mutation of a bone marrow stem cell that produces leukocytes that drive atherosclerosis when they enter plaque What is CHIP= =Mutation of a bone marrow stem cell that produces leukocytes that drive atherosclerosis when they enter plaque 21. How do smooth muscle cells cause atherosclerosis? Proliferate and migrate in tunica intimaHow do smooth muscle cells cause atherosclerosis?== Proliferate and migrate in tunica intima 22. What activates smooth muscle migration? Failure of internal elastic lamina, growth factors from macrophages and endothelial cells, virusesWhat activates smooth muscle migration?== Failure of internal elastic lamina, growth factors from macrophages and endothelial cells, viruses 23. How do lipoproteins cause athersclerosis? When oxidised they attract monocytes, stimulate cytokine release causing dysfunction and apoptosis of smooth muscle and endothelial cells and macrophagesHow do lipoproteins cause athersclerosis?== When oxidised they attract monocytes, stimulate cytokine release causing dysfunction and apoptosis of smooth muscle and endothelial cells and macrophages 24. What is an early sign of atherosclerosis?= =Fatty streak What is an early sign of atherosclerosis?= =Fatty streak 25. What develops after a fatty streak? Fibro fatty plaqueWhat develops after a fatty streak?== Fibro fatty plaque 26. What does cell death and inflammation within a plaque lead to? Advanced/vulnerable plaqueWhat does cell death and inflammation within a plaque lead to?== Advanced/vulnerable plaque 27. What events can result from a vulnerable plaque? Thin fibrous cap, increase in lipid content, inflammationWhat events can result from a vulnerable plaque?== Thin fibrous cap, increase in lipid content, inflammation 28. What are the clinical consequences of artherosclerosis?= =Myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease What are the clinical consequences of artherosclerosis?= =Myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease Loading...
