Lecture 2

1.
What is the difference between the cause and mechanism of disease?
"The cause is the trigger, the mechanism is that process that produces the disease symptoms"
2.
What are the classes of etiology? (2)
"Intrinsic/genetic (inherited), acquired/environment (infection, trauma, toxicity etc.)"
3.
What is a common cause of cystic fibrosis?
Mutation in CFTR gene
4.
What type of genetic disorder is cystic fibrosis?
Autosome recessive disorder
5.
What is the mechanism of cystic fibrosis?
Loss of regulation of salts across membrane barriers
6.
What are the symptoms of cystic fibrosis?= ="Recurrent chest infections, lung damage"
7.
What is the cause of asbestosis?
Exposure to asbestos fibres
8.
What is the most common cause of disease?
An interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors
9.
What is the sequence of pathology?
"Eitology, pathogenesis, structural changes in cells and tissues, clinical manifestations"
10.
What is the knowledge of mechanisms of pathology and disease important for? (5)
"Diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, screening, preventative"
11.
"What responses do cells, tissues and organs give to etiologic events? (5)"
"Degeneration/atrophy, apoptosis/necrosis, inflammation, regeneration/hyperplasia/hypertrophy, dysplasia/neoplasia"
12.
What are stuctural changes used for?
Diagnostic pathology
13.
What are clinical manifestations/functional derangement?
Altered function of an organ
14.
What are the strategies for obtaining tissue for observation? (3)
"Fine needle aspiration, exfoliative cytology, tissue biopsy"
15.
What are the types of tissue biopsy? (3)
"Core biopsy, incisional biopsy, excisional biopsy"
16.
What are the types of tissue analysis? (4)
"Cytology/morphology, microbiology, immunology, molecular studies"
17.
What are the classes of morphology? (3)
"Types of cells, cytology of cells, architecture of tissue"
18.
How is antigen expression studied? (2)
"Staining, flow cytometry"
19.
20.
What can asbestosis lead to?
"Lung fibrosis, mesothelioma (mesothelial tumour)"