HomeCoursesMEDSCI 203: Mechanisms of DiseaseLecture 18 Lecture 18 1. What are the activities of different cells during a bacterial infection? Platelets form closts, mast cells induce inflammation, neutrophils lyse pathogens, macrophages release chemokinesWhat are the activities of different cells during a bacterial infection?== Platelets form closts, mast cells induce inflammation, neutrophils lyse pathogens, macrophages release chemokines 2. What causes vasodilation? Histamines, heparinWhat causes vasodilation?== Histamines, heparin 3. What are common PAMPs? DNA, LPS, flagellin, peptidoglyconsWhat are common PAMPs?== DNA, LPS, flagellin, peptidoglycons 4. Which PAMPS are unique to Gram negative bacteria? LPSWhich PAMPS are unique to Gram negative bacteria?== LPS 5. Which PAMPs are unique to gram positive bacteria?== LTA 6. Why is LPS only in gram negative bacteria? The outer lipid membrane makes them negative to gram stainingWhy is LPS only in gram negative bacteria?== The outer lipid membrane makes them negative to gram staining 7. What are the regions of lipopolysaccharide? Lipid A, inner core, outer core, O antigenWhat are the regions of lipopolysaccharide?== Lipid A, inner core, outer core, O antigen 8. Which region of LPS is recognised by TLR4? Lipid AWhich region of LPS is recognised by TLR4?== Lipid A 9. What type of toxin is LPS? EndotoxinWhat type of toxin is LPS?== Endotoxin 10. What coreceptor is associated with TLR4? CD14What coreceptor is associated with TLR4?== CD14 11. What facilitates binding of LPS to TLR4? LBPWhat facilitates binding of LPS to TLR4?== LBP 12. What is activated by LPS binding to TLR4? NF-kβWhat is activated by LPS binding to TLR4?== NF-kβ 13. What does NF-kβ do? Transcription factor to produce IL-1β, TNF-⍺What does NF-kβ do?== Transcription factor to produce IL-1β, TNF-⍺ 14. What is the progression of bacterial infection to septic shock? Infection -> bacteremia -> lysis/endotoxins -> cytokine stormWhat is the progression of bacterial infection to septic shock?== Infection -> bacteremia -> lysis/endotoxins -> cytokine storm 15. What are the results of TNF⍺ secretion? decrease appetite, fever, vasodilation, sitmulation of macrophagesWhat are the results of TNF⍺ secretion?== decrease appetite, fever, vasodilation, sitmulation of macrophages 16. What are the results of IL-1β secretion? Vasodiltation, macrophagesWhat are the results of IL-1β secretion?== Vasodiltation, macrophages 17. How do immune responses to meningococcus affect blood vessels? Alteration of coagulation pathways, intravascular coagulation, damage to weakened endotheliumHow do immune responses to meningococcus affect blood vessels?== Alteration of coagulation pathways, intravascular coagulation, damage to weakened endothelium 18. What causes rash from meningococcus infection? Bleeding into tissuesWhat causes rash from meningococcus infection?== Bleeding into tissues 19. What does progression of meningococcus infection lead to? Necrosis, multi organ failureWhat does progression of meningococcus infection lead to?== Necrosis, multi organ failure 20. What bacteria affect MHC complexes (superantigens)? S. aureus, S. pyogenesWhat bacteria affect MHC complexes (superantigens)?== S. aureus, S. pyogenes 21. What makes superantigens more disruptive than peptides that activate MHC? Superantigens can bind 20% of immune T cellsWhat makes superantigens more disruptive than peptides that activate MHC?== Superantigens can bind 20% of immune T cells 22. What do superantigens activate? NF-kβWhat do superantigens activate?== NF-kβ Loading...
