Lecture 13

1.
Draw sensitisation of HS
I diagram
2.
When do harmful secondary responses contribute to autoimmune disease? (3)
Inappropriate immune responses, Allergies, Tissue damage due to autoimmune reactions
3.
What are the cells of innate immunity? (9)
Mast, NK, neutrophils, macrophages, megakaryocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
4.
5.
What do dendritic (bridge) cells do? (3)
Phagocytose pathogens, PAMPs, DAMPs, present antigen, activate T cells
6.
What do neutrophils do? (2)
Phagocytosis, degranulation
7.
What do basophils and eosinophils do? 
Degranulation
8.
What is a (pre)macrophage in the circulation called?
Monocyte
9.
What do monocytes do? (2)
Phagocytosis, cytokine production
10.
What do macrophages do? (3)
Phagocytosis, cytokine production, APC
11.
What is the function of NK cells? (2)
Cytolysis, cytokine production
12.
What is the function of mast cells? (2)
Degranulation, cytokine production
13.
What do B and T cells do?
Adaptive immune responses
14.
What is a plama cell?
B effector cell
15.
What do plasma cells do?
Antibody production
16.
What does a megakaryocyte do?
Platelet production
17.
What are erythrocytes?
RBCs
18.
What antibody do plasma cells procue in an allergic reaction?
IgE
19.
What are the heavy chain (HC) isotopes of IgM?
µ: M(micro) 
20.
What are the heavy chain (HC) isotopes of IgE?
ε E(psilon)
21.
What are the heavy chain (HC) isotopes of IgA?
⍺: A(lpha)
22.
Which antibody mediates Type 1 hypersensitivity?
IgE
23.
What is the time to symptoms for type 1 HS?
<30 min
24.
What cells are involved in type 1 HS? (2)
Mast cells, basophils
25.
What are some examples of type 1 HS? (3)
Asthma, hay fever, anaphylaxis
26.
What test is used to diagnose atopic allergy (eg. eczema)?
Skin prick test
27.
What are the parts of the prick test? (2)
Immediate, late response
28.
Draw the sensitisation stages of type 1 HS?
Allergen breach barrier, taken up by dendritic cell, DC to lymph node, naive T cells and B cells activated, Th2 and activated B cells migrate to site, Th2 influence plasma cells to produce IgE, IgE binds allergen and mast cell FCRs and enters lypmh binds FCRs on basophils, Mast cells and basophils sensitised
29.
Desribe the Type 1 HS early phase reaction?
Allergen breaches barrier, sensitised mast cells bind allergen via FCRs/IgE, mast cells degranulate releasing cytokines/chemokines, degradation of mast cells releases platelet activating factor, tissue specific symptoms, sensitised basophils and eosinophils recruited
30.
What is mast cell dgranulation effect on the GI tract? (2)
Increased fluid secretion, increased peristalsis
31.
What is mast cell dgranulation effect on the eyes, nasal passages and airways? (2)
Decreased airway diameter, increased mucous
32.
What is mast cell dgranulation effect on the blood vessels? (2)
Increased blood flow, increased permeability
33.
What are the determinants of atropy? (2)
Genetic, environmental
34.
What are the common names for Type I HS? (4)
IgE mediated HS, immediate HS, allergy, atopy
35.
What are the common names for Type II HS? (3)
Direct HS, antibody mediated HS, cytotoxic HS
36.
What are the common names for Type III HS?
Immune complex mediated HS
37.
What are the common names for Type IV HS? (2)
Delayed type HS, cell mediated HS
38.
What antibodies are involved in HS II, III? (2)
IgG, IgM
39.
40.
What are some examples of type II HS?
Goodpastures syndrome
41.
What are some examples of type III HS?
Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus
42.
43.
What is the result of complement activation in type III HS? (2)
Complement provides chemotaxis (C5a) for neutrophils, anaphylatoxins for mast cells
44.
What is the result of antibody activation in type III HS? (2)
Macrophage activation, platelet aggregation