HomeCoursesMEDSCI 203: Mechanisms of DiseaseLecture 12 Lecture 12 1. What causes chronic inflammation of the oesophagus? Gastric refluxWhat causes chronic inflammation of the oesophagus?== Gastric reflux 2. What does chronic inflammation of the oesophagus (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease or GORD) lead to? Barret's oesophagus and adenocarcinomaWhat does chronic inflammation of the oesophagus (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease or GORD) lead to?== Barret's oesophagus and adenocarcinoma 3. What causes chronic inflammation of the colon? "Diet, dysbiosis of commensal bacteria"What causes chronic inflammation of the colon? =="Diet, dysbiosis of commensal bacteria" 4. What does chronic inflammation of the colon lead to? "IBD, ulceration, Chron's, adenocarcinoma"What does chronic inflammation of the colon lead to? =="IBD, ulceration, Chron's, adenocarcinoma" 5. What causes chronic inflammation of the liver? "HBV, HCV, aflatoxins, alcohol, diet"What causes chronic inflammation of the liver?== "HBV, HCV, aflatoxins, alcohol, diet" 6. What does chronic inflammation of the liver lead to? "NAFLD, NASH, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma"What does chronic inflammation of the liver lead to?== "NAFLD, NASH, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma" 7. What is ulcerative colitis? ulceration of the large colonWhat is ulcerative colitis?== ulceration of the large colon 8. What is Chron's disease? "Ulceration, transmural damage throughout gut"What is Chron's disease?== "Ulceration, transmural damage throughout gut" 9. What is cirrhosis? "Hepatocyte nodules surrounded by sheets (septa) of scar tissure, reducing liver function"What is cirrhosis?== "Hepatocyte nodules surrounded by sheets (septa) of scar tissure, reducing liver function" 10. What is fatty liver disease? Triglyceride accumulation in hepatocyesWhat is fatty liver disease?== Triglyceride accumulation in hepatocyes 11. What is steatosis? Benign fatty liver diseaseWhat is steatosis?== Benign fatty liver disease 12. What is non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)? Inflammatory steatosis What is non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)? ==Inflammatory steatosis 13. What causes inflammatory steatosis? " Increased fatty acids > adipocytes release TNF and FAs > TNF and FAs cause hepatocytes to generate ROS. Increases FAs causes unfolded protein accumulation > ER stress, unfolded protein response"What causes inflammatory steatosis?== " Increased fatty acids > adipocytes release TNF and FAs > TNF and FAs cause hepatocytes to generate ROS. Increases FAs causes unfolded protein accumulation > ER stress, unfolded protein response" 14. What causes fibrosis in the liver? "Liver damage > hepatic stellate cells differentiate into myofibroblasts > collagen I and II synthesis, alpha smooth muscle actin release, tissue inhibitors of MMPs released"What causes fibrosis in the liver?== "Liver damage > hepatic stellate cells differentiate into myofibroblasts > collagen I and II synthesis, alpha smooth muscle actin release, tissue inhibitors of MMPs released" 15. What is end stage liver disease? Excessive injury and repair the loss of liver architectureWhat is end stage liver disease?== Excessive injury and repair the loss of liver architecture 16. What does end stage liver disease lead to? "Portal hypertension, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma"What does end stage liver disease lead to?== "Portal hypertension, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma" 17. What does liver failure result in?== "Jaundice, hypoproteinaemia, encephalopathy" 18. What does portal hypertension result in? "Weakening of oesophageal veins, ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen), renal failure"What does portal hypertension result in?== "Weakening of oesophageal veins, ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen), renal failure" Loading...