HomeCoursesMEDSCI 202: Microbiology and ImmunologyLecture 9 Lecture 9 0% Question 1 of 55 What type of cells are fungi?= Eukaryotes What type of cells are fungi?= Eukaryotes Question 1 of 55Question 2 of 55 How do yeasts and moulds divide? (2)= Sexually, asexually How do yeasts and moulds divide? (2)= Sexually, asexually Question 2 of 55Question 3 of 55 What is the composition of the well wall of fungi?= Glucans, mannans polymer What is the composition of the well wall of fungi?= Glucans, mannans polymer Question 3 of 55Question 4 of 55 What is special about a fungal cell membrane?= Rich in sterols What is special about a fungal cell membrane?= Rich in sterols Question 4 of 55Question 5 of 55 What is a vacuole?= A large enzyme filled space within a fungal cell. What is a vacuole?= A large enzyme filled space within a fungal cell. Question 5 of 55Question 6 of 55 What organelles does a yeast cell have? (7)= Cell wall, cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, vacuole, mitochondria, nucleus What organelles does a yeast cell have? (7)= Cell wall, cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, vacuole, mitochondria, nucleus Question 6 of 55Question 7 of 55 What does ergosterol do?= Maintains membrane fluidity in yeast cell What does ergosterol do?= Maintains membrane fluidity in yeast cell Question 7 of 55Question 8 of 55 Which drugs target ergosterol? (4)= Amphotericin B, nystatin, imidazole, allylamines Which drugs target ergosterol? (4)= Amphotericin B, nystatin, imidazole, allylamines Question 8 of 55Question 9 of 55 How do amphotericin B and nystatin act on ergosterol?= Bind ergosterol, form pores, cell lysis How do amphotericin B and nystatin act on ergosterol?= Bind ergosterol, form pores, cell lysis Question 9 of 55Question 10 of 55 How do imidazole and allylamines act on ergosterol?= Inhibit enzymes in ergosterol biosynthesis How do imidazole and allylamines act on ergosterol?= Inhibit enzymes in ergosterol biosynthesis Question 10 of 55Question 11 of 55 Which enzymes do imidazole and allylanines inhibit? (2)= Squalene, lanosterol Which enzymes do imidazole and allylanines inhibit? (2)= Squalene, lanosterol Question 11 of 55Question 12 of 55 What other features of fungal cells to anti fungal treatments target? (2)= Glucan cell wall polymer, inhibition of cytosine deaminase (protein and DNA synthesis) What other features of fungal cells to anti fungal treatments target? (2)= Glucan cell wall polymer, inhibition of cytosine deaminase (protein and DNA synthesis) Question 12 of 55Question 13 of 55 Which yeasts produce a capsule?= Cryptococcus neoformans Which yeasts produce a capsule?= Cryptococcus neoformans Question 13 of 55Question 14 of 55 How do most yeasts grow?= ‘Budding' How do most yeasts grow?= ‘Budding' Question 14 of 55Question 15 of 55 What are the basic characteristics of yeast cells? (2)= Round/oval shape, unicellular What are the basic characteristics of yeast cells? (2)= Round/oval shape, unicellular Question 15 of 55Question 16 of 55 What are the basic characteristics of hyphal cells? (2)= Multicellular, branched (mycelia) What are the basic characteristics of hyphal cells? (2)= Multicellular, branched (mycelia) Question 16 of 55Question 17 of 55 What are the basic characteristics of pseudohyphal cells?= Mycelia with nuclear division at mother daughter junction What are the basic characteristics of pseudohyphal cells?= Mycelia with nuclear division at mother daughter junction Question 17 of 55Question 18 of 55 What are the basic characteristics of chlamydospores?= Spherical, thick walled cells from distal ends of mycelial filaments What are the basic characteristics of chlamydospores?= Spherical, thick walled cells from distal ends of mycelial filaments Question 18 of 55Question 19 of 55 How do candida albicans yeasts grow? =Through hyphae How do candida albicans yeasts grow? =Through hyphae Question 19 of 55Question 20 of 55 What are the types of mould growth/reproduction? (3)= Conidia, hyphae, ascospores What are the types of mould growth/reproduction? (3)= Conidia, hyphae, ascospores Question 20 of 55Question 21 of 55 Which growth type utilises asexual reproduction (genetic clones)? =Conidia Which growth type utilises asexual reproduction (genetic clones)? =Conidia Question 21 of 55Question 22 of 55 Which growth type utilises sexual reproduction (genetically different offspring)?= Ascopores Which growth type utilises sexual reproduction (genetically different offspring)?= Ascopores Question 22 of 55Question 23 of 55 What are the types of diseases caused by fungal infections? (3)= Skin infections, mucosal infections, invasive infections What are the types of diseases caused by fungal infections? (3)= Skin infections, mucosal infections, invasive infections Question 23 of 55Question 24 of 55 What type of tissue is invaded by cutaneous mycoses? (3)= Skin, hair, nails What type of tissue is invaded by cutaneous mycoses? (3)= Skin, hair, nails Question 24 of 55Question 25 of 55 What are the diseases cutaneous mycoses produce? (4) =Tinea pedis, tine cruris, tinea corporis (ringworm), onychomycosis What are the diseases cutaneous mycoses produce? (4) =Tinea pedis, tine cruris, tinea corporis (ringworm), onychomycosis Question 25 of 55Question 26 of 55 What are examples of fungi that cause cutaneous mycoses? (4)= Trichophyton rubrum, epidermophyton floccosum, microsporum canis, dermatophytes What are examples of fungi that cause cutaneous mycoses? (4)= Trichophyton rubrum, epidermophyton floccosum, microsporum canis, dermatophytes Question 26 of 55Question 27 of 55 What is the main source for trichophyton and epidermophyton?= Human - human (clothing, towels, showers etc.) What is the main source for trichophyton and epidermophyton?= Human - human (clothing, towels, showers etc.) Question 27 of 55Question 28 of 55 What is the main source of microsporum canis?= Cats and dogs What is the main source of microsporum canis?= Cats and dogs Question 28 of 55Question 29 of 55 What is the main difference between trichophyton and epidermophyton?= The size of the conidia. Microconidia in trichophyton, macroconidia in epidermophyton What is the main difference between trichophyton and epidermophyton?= The size of the conidia. Microconidia in trichophyton, macroconidia in epidermophyton Question 29 of 55Question 30 of 55 What are the risk factors for fungal infection? (8)= Humidity, heat, perspiration, diabetes mellitus, obesity, friction from clothes, contaminated linen, pets What are the risk factors for fungal infection? (8)= Humidity, heat, perspiration, diabetes mellitus, obesity, friction from clothes, contaminated linen, pets Question 30 of 55Question 31 of 55 What are the symptoms of fungal infections? (2)= Itchiness, distinctive appearance What are the symptoms of fungal infections? (2)= Itchiness, distinctive appearance Question 31 of 55Question 32 of 55 What are the diagnostic techniques of fungal infections? (2)= Microscopy, skin scrapings What are the diagnostic techniques of fungal infections? (2)= Microscopy, skin scrapings Question 32 of 55Question 33 of 55 What are the treatment options for fungal infections? (2)= Antifungal creams, systemic treatment What are the treatment options for fungal infections? (2)= Antifungal creams, systemic treatment Question 33 of 55Question 34 of 55 When are systemic treatments used? (2)= Severe cases, onychomycosis When are systemic treatments used? (2)= Severe cases, onychomycosis Question 34 of 55Question 35 of 55 What are prevention options for fungal infections? (4)= Avoid contact, dry thoroughly, treat pets, prevent chaffing What are prevention options for fungal infections? (4)= Avoid contact, dry thoroughly, treat pets, prevent chaffing Question 35 of 55Question 36 of 55 In which areas does thrush (candiasis) grow? (4)= Oral, vulvovaginal, penile, oesophageal In which areas does thrush (candiasis) grow? (4)= Oral, vulvovaginal, penile, oesophageal Question 36 of 55Question 37 of 55 What is the major pathogen for thrush?= Candida albicans What is the major pathogen for thrush?= Candida albicans Question 37 of 55Question 38 of 55 How is oral candida albicans treated? (2)= Nystatins, imidazoles How is oral candida albicans treated? (2)= Nystatins, imidazoles Question 38 of 55Question 39 of 55 How is vaginal candidiasis treated? (2) =Imidazoles, fluconazole How is vaginal candidiasis treated? (2) =Imidazoles, fluconazole Question 39 of 55Question 40 of 55 Describe the process of a Candida infection? (3)= Contact with carrier, immunosuppression/antibiotic treatment, colonisation, inflammation of mucosa Describe the process of a Candida infection? (3)= Contact with carrier, immunosuppression/antibiotic treatment, colonisation, inflammation of mucosa Question 40 of 55Question 41 of 55 What are some systemic fungal infections? (3)= Aspergillosis, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis What are some systemic fungal infections? (3)= Aspergillosis, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis Question 41 of 55Question 42 of 55 What is the process of a systemic aspergillus infection? (4)= Airborne conidia, lungs, immunosuppression (HIV/cancer/transplant drugs)/previous lung infection, lung infection, haematogenous spread to other organs. What is the process of a systemic aspergillus infection? (4)= Airborne conidia, lungs, immunosuppression (HIV/cancer/transplant drugs)/previous lung infection, lung infection, haematogenous spread to other organs. Question 42 of 55Question 43 of 55 What are the diagnostic techniques of a systemic aspergillosis infection? (4) =Microscopy, culture, PCR, galactomannan EIA What are the diagnostic techniques of a systemic aspergillosis infection? (4) =Microscopy, culture, PCR, galactomannan EIA Question 43 of 55Question 44 of 55 What is the mortality rate of systemic untreated aspergillosis? = ~100% What is the mortality rate of systemic untreated aspergillosis? = ~100% Question 44 of 55Question 45 of 55 What are the treatment options fo aspergillosis?= IV voriconazole What are the treatment options fo aspergillosis?= IV voriconazole Question 45 of 55Question 46 of 55 What is the process of a systemic mucosal candida infection? (3) =Mucosal candida, immunosuppression, haematogenous spread to other organs. What is the process of a systemic mucosal candida infection? (3) =Mucosal candida, immunosuppression, haematogenous spread to other organs. Question 46 of 55Question 47 of 55 What are the diagnostic procedures for a systemic candida infection? (2)= Microscopy, culture What are the diagnostic procedures for a systemic candida infection? (2)= Microscopy, culture Question 47 of 55Question 48 of 55 What are the treatment options for systemic candidiasis? (2)= Fluconazole, echinocandin What are the treatment options for systemic candidiasis? (2)= Fluconazole, echinocandin Question 48 of 55Question 49 of 55 What is the infection process for cryptococcus meningitis? (6)= Cryptococcus basidospores in bird (pigeon) faeces inhaled, lungs, immunosuppression, lung infection, haematogenous spread, meningitis What is the infection process for cryptococcus meningitis? (6)= Cryptococcus basidospores in bird (pigeon) faeces inhaled, lungs, immunosuppression, lung infection, haematogenous spread, meningitis Question 49 of 55Question 50 of 55 What are the diagnostic techniques of cryptococcus meningitis? (3)= Microscopy, culture, EIA What are the diagnostic techniques of cryptococcus meningitis? (3)= Microscopy, culture, EIA Question 50 of 55Question 51 of 55 What conditions do moulds in homes exacerbate? (3)= Asthma, allergies, mental health What conditions do moulds in homes exacerbate? (3)= Asthma, allergies, mental health Question 51 of 55Question 52 of 55 What are the treatment options for cyptococcus? (2)= Amphotericin B, 5 Fluorocytosine What are the treatment options for cyptococcus? (2)= Amphotericin B, 5 Fluorocytosine Question 52 of 55Question 53 of 55 What types of moulds grow in homes? (3)= Aspergillus, cladosporium, penicillium What types of moulds grow in homes? (3)= Aspergillus, cladosporium, penicillium Question 53 of 55Question 54 of 55 How does indoor fungi affect asthma? (2)= Increases development, exacerbates How does indoor fungi affect asthma? (2)= Increases development, exacerbates Question 54 of 55Question 55 of 55 How does having fungi in the home change your risk for developing asthma?= Risk increases by 1.36x How does having fungi in the home change your risk for developing asthma?= Risk increases by 1.36x Question 55 of 55 Loading...
