HomeCoursesMEDSCI 202: Microbiology and ImmunologyLecture 8 Lecture 8 0% Question 1 of 60 How many women experience a UTI over their lifetime? =50% How many women experience a UTI over their lifetime? =50% Question 1 of 60Question 2 of 60 How many men experience a UTI over their lifetime?= 10% How many men experience a UTI over their lifetime?= 10% Question 2 of 60Question 3 of 60 How many women will experience a 2nd recurre=nce of a UTI?= 25% How many women will experience a 2nd recurre=nce of a UTI?= 25% Question 3 of 60Question 4 of 60 What serious illness can a UTI develop into? Pyelonephritis What serious illness can a UTI develop into? Pyelonephritis Question 4 of 60Question 5 of 60 What are the negative aspects of antibiotics? (3)= Costly, disrupts normal flora, promotes drug resistance What are the negative aspects of antibiotics? (3)= Costly, disrupts normal flora, promotes drug resistance Question 5 of 60Question 6 of 60 What are the key symptoms of a cystitis? (4)= Frequency of urination, dysuria, urgency, hesitancy What are the key symptoms of a cystitis? (4)= Frequency of urination, dysuria, urgency, hesitancy Question 6 of 60Question 7 of 60 What are the key symptoms of a UTI? (3)= Cloudy, smelly urine, haematuria What are the key symptoms of a UTI? (3)= Cloudy, smelly urine, haematuria Question 7 of 60Question 8 of 60 What are secondary signs of a UTI? (4)= Nausea, malaise, vomiting, fever What are secondary signs of a UTI? (4)= Nausea, malaise, vomiting, fever Question 8 of 60Question 9 of 60 How does location of pain help diagnose a UTI?= Bladder pain = UTI, flank pain = pyelonephritis How does location of pain help diagnose a UTI?= Bladder pain = UTI, flank pain = pyelonephritis Question 9 of 60Question 10 of 60 What causes most community acquired UTI? (2)= Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) What causes most community acquired UTI? (2)= Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Question 10 of 60Question 11 of 60 What causes most hospital acquired UTIs? (2)= Device related UPEC, drug resistance What causes most hospital acquired UTIs? (2)= Device related UPEC, drug resistance Question 11 of 60Question 12 of 60 What are the steps to obtaining a sample for urinalysis? (5)= Clean perineal area, begin voiding, stop mid stream, place specimen container, resume voiding What are the steps to obtaining a sample for urinalysis? (5)= Clean perineal area, begin voiding, stop mid stream, place specimen container, resume voiding Question 12 of 60Question 13 of 60 What does a dipstick test indicate (4)= Presence of bacteria, presence of white blood cells, haematuria, pH, protein levels What does a dipstick test indicate (4)= Presence of bacteria, presence of white blood cells, haematuria, pH, protein levels Question 13 of 60Question 14 of 60 Why does a dipstick test give a positive for bacteria?= NO3- is converted to NO2- by bacteria which is indicated on the test Why does a dipstick test give a positive for bacteria?= NO3- is converted to NO2- by bacteria which is indicated on the test Question 14 of 60Question 15 of 60 What indicates the presence of White blood cells?= Leukocyte esterase What indicates the presence of White blood cells?= Leukocyte esterase Question 15 of 60Question 16 of 60 How will the dipstick test reveal bladder inflammation or kidney infection= Haematuria How will the dipstick test reveal bladder inflammation or kidney infection= Haematuria Question 16 of 60Question 17 of 60 How will a gram stain reveal an infection? (2)= Gram-negative rods, neutrophils How will a gram stain reveal an infection? (2)= Gram-negative rods, neutrophils Question 17 of 60Question 18 of 60 What are the main bacteria in community infections? (3)= Escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella spp. What are the main bacteria in community infections? (3)= Escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella spp. Question 18 of 60Question 19 of 60 What are the main bacteria in hospital infections? (3)= Escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella spp. What are the main bacteria in hospital infections? (3)= Escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella spp. Question 19 of 60Question 20 of 60 What agar is used to culture Eschericia coli? =CLED agar What agar is used to culture Eschericia coli? =CLED agar Question 20 of 60Question 21 of 60 What are the qualities of CLED? (3) =Cyteine, lactose, electrolyte deficient What are the qualities of CLED? (3) =Cyteine, lactose, electrolyte deficient Question 21 of 60Question 22 of 60 What is cysteine for?= Requirement of uropathogenic escherichia coli What is cysteine for?= Requirement of uropathogenic escherichia coli Question 22 of 60Question 23 of 60 What is lactose in a CLED agar for?= UPEC ferment lactose (blue to yellow pH change) What is lactose in a CLED agar for?= UPEC ferment lactose (blue to yellow pH change) Question 23 of 60Question 24 of 60 Why is a CLED agar deficient in electrolytes? =Proteus mirabilis swarm with electrolytes Why is a CLED agar deficient in electrolytes? =Proteus mirabilis swarm with electrolytes Question 24 of 60Question 25 of 60 What is enumeration for?= Quantifies number of bacteria to evaluate if ‘significant bacteriuria' What is enumeration for?= Quantifies number of bacteria to evaluate if ‘significant bacteriuria' Question 25 of 60Question 26 of 60 What is significant bacteriuria?= If number of bacteria is greater than 10^5 What is significant bacteriuria?= If number of bacteria is greater than 10^5 Question 26 of 60Question 27 of 60 What are IMVic tests? (4)= Indole, methyl red, vogues proskauer, citrate What are IMVic tests? (4)= Indole, methyl red, vogues proskauer, citrate Question 27 of 60Question 28 of 60 What is the usual test today?= RAPID Identification by MALDI-TOF What is the usual test today?= RAPID Identification by MALDI-TOF Question 28 of 60Question 29 of 60 What areas should be investigated with incidence of UTIs? (5)= Source and transmission, colonisation, immune evasion, proliferation, damage What areas should be investigated with incidence of UTIs? (5)= Source and transmission, colonisation, immune evasion, proliferation, damage Question 29 of 60Question 30 of 60 What is the primary source of community acquired UTIs?= Contamination of urethra though colonic bacteria (anus closer to urethra in women than in men) What is the primary source of community acquired UTIs?= Contamination of urethra though colonic bacteria (anus closer to urethra in women than in men) Question 30 of 60Question 31 of 60 What is the primary source of hospital acquired UTIs? =Hospital catheters What is the primary source of hospital acquired UTIs? =Hospital catheters Question 31 of 60Question 32 of 60 Who is at risk for UTIs?= (5) Sexually active women (20-40), women with previous UTIs, women with vaginal flora disruption (antibiotics etc.), urinary fathers, men with prostatic hypertrophy Who is at risk for UTIs?= (5) Sexually active women (20-40), women with previous UTIs, women with vaginal flora disruption (antibiotics etc.), urinary fathers, men with prostatic hypertrophy Question 32 of 60Question 33 of 60 What are the virulence factors associated with E. coli? (6)= Exotoxins, adhesions, endotoxins, capsular antigen, iron uptake, flagella What are the virulence factors associated with E. coli? (6)= Exotoxins, adhesions, endotoxins, capsular antigen, iron uptake, flagella Question 33 of 60Question 34 of 60 What are the exotoxins of E. coli? (2)= Cytotoxic necrotizing factor, alpha-hemolysin What are the exotoxins of E. coli? (2)= Cytotoxic necrotizing factor, alpha-hemolysin Question 34 of 60Question 35 of 60 What is the endotoxin of E coli?= O Antigen (inflammation) What is the endotoxin of E coli?= O Antigen (inflammation) Question 35 of 60Question 36 of 60 What is the capsular antigen of E. coli? =K antigen What is the capsular antigen of E. coli? =K antigen Question 36 of 60Question 37 of 60 What are the fimraiae of E. coli? (4)= Type 1 fimbriae, s-fimbriae, p-fimbriae, curli What are the fimraiae of E. coli? (4)= Type 1 fimbriae, s-fimbriae, p-fimbriae, curli Question 37 of 60Question 38 of 60 How do E. coli prevent themselves being washed away?= Type 1 fimbriae (pili) bind to mannose residues in glycoproteins (bladder), p-fimbriae bind to globobiose (kidney) How do E. coli prevent themselves being washed away?= Type 1 fimbriae (pili) bind to mannose residues in glycoproteins (bladder), p-fimbriae bind to globobiose (kidney) Question 38 of 60Question 39 of 60 Which is more common, ascending infection or descending infection?= Ascending (cystitis, pyelonephritis) Which is more common, ascending infection or descending infection?= Ascending (cystitis, pyelonephritis) Question 39 of 60Question 40 of 60 When does treatment ‘end’? (2)= When the urine is sterile and symptoms cease When does treatment ‘end’? (2)= When the urine is sterile and symptoms cease Question 40 of 60Question 41 of 60 What are treatment strategies for UTIs? (2)= Fluids, pain relief What are treatment strategies for UTIs? (2)= Fluids, pain relief Question 41 of 60Question 42 of 60 What are preventative strategies? (4)= Hygiene, drink plenty fluids, supplemental foods, don’t resist urge to void What are preventative strategies? (4)= Hygiene, drink plenty fluids, supplemental foods, don’t resist urge to void Question 42 of 60Question 43 of 60 When are antibiotics administered? (4) Symptoms persist, fever, haematuria, pain When are antibiotics administered? (4) Symptoms persist, fever, haematuria, pain Question 43 of 60Question 44 of 60 What are the required characteristics of antibiotics administered for E. coli? (2) =Removed by kidney (access to urinary tract), no resistance issues What are the required characteristics of antibiotics administered for E. coli? (2) =Removed by kidney (access to urinary tract), no resistance issues Question 44 of 60Question 45 of 60 When is an antibiotic changed in the case of UTI?= Recurrence after antibiotic treatment (resistance) When is an antibiotic changed in the case of UTI?= Recurrence after antibiotic treatment (resistance) Question 45 of 60Question 46 of 60 What is the common antibiotic for E. coli? =Amoxil What is the common antibiotic for E. coli? =Amoxil Question 46 of 60Question 47 of 60 What are other options for E. coli treatment? (2) Trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin What are other options for E. coli treatment? (2) Trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin Question 47 of 60Question 48 of 60 What are the treatment procedures for a catheter infection? (5)= Remove catheter (source), treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics, monitor recovery, culture bacteria from catheter tip, urine, blood What are the treatment procedures for a catheter infection? (5)= Remove catheter (source), treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics, monitor recovery, culture bacteria from catheter tip, urine, blood Question 48 of 60Question 49 of 60 What is an ESBL? =Extended spectrum beta lactamases What is an ESBL? =Extended spectrum beta lactamases Question 49 of 60Question 50 of 60 What are ESBLs resistant to?= Penicillin, cephalsporins, carabpenems What are ESBLs resistant to?= Penicillin, cephalsporins, carabpenems Question 50 of 60Question 51 of 60 Where are ESBLs commonly found? India Where are ESBLs commonly found? India Question 51 of 60Question 52 of 60 What do you treat an ESBL with?= Polymyxin B What do you treat an ESBL with?= Polymyxin B Question 52 of 60Question 53 of 60 Why is polymyxin B use limited? Kidney toxicity Why is polymyxin B use limited? Kidney toxicity Question 53 of 60Question 54 of 60 What is important in a hospital where there are ESBL cases?= ESBL infected patients in ward to themselves so not to infect other patients What is important in a hospital where there are ESBL cases?= ESBL infected patients in ward to themselves so not to infect other patients Question 54 of 60Question 55 of 60 What is the source for E. coli? =Colonic flora What is the source for E. coli? =Colonic flora Question 55 of 60Question 56 of 60 Who are at risk of UTIs? (3)= Young women, older men, those who make use of urinary catheters Who are at risk of UTIs? (3)= Young women, older men, those who make use of urinary catheters Question 56 of 60Question 57 of 60 What are the virulence factors of E. coli? (4)= Pili for attachment, iron acquisition, Lipid A (inflammation), toxins (cell death) What are the virulence factors of E. coli? (4)= Pili for attachment, iron acquisition, Lipid A (inflammation), toxins (cell death) Question 57 of 60Question 58 of 60 What is the main disease of UTIs? Cystitis What is the main disease of UTIs? Cystitis Question 58 of 60Question 59 of 60 What may cystitis progress to?= Pyelonephritis What may cystitis progress to?= Pyelonephritis Question 59 of 60Question 60 of 60 What are the important treatment strategies? (3)= Increase fluids, antibiotics if serious, beware ESBLs What are the important treatment strategies? (3)= Increase fluids, antibiotics if serious, beware ESBLs Question 60 of 60 Loading...
