HomeCoursesMEDSCI 202: Microbiology and ImmunologyLecture 20 Lecture 20 1. What are hypersensitivity diseases? Diseases caused by the immune systemWhat are hypersensitivity diseases?== Diseases caused by the immune system 2. What mediates Type I HS? IgEWhat mediates Type I HS?== IgE 3. What kind of reaction does IgE cause? AllergiesWhat kind of reaction does IgE cause?== Allergies 4. "What type II, III HS mediated by?" IgG"What type II, III HS mediated by?" ==IgG 5. What is Type IV HS mediated by? Th cellsWhat is Type IV HS mediated by?== Th cells 6. What is Type IV HS also called? Delayed typeWhat is Type IV HS also called?== Delayed type 7. What is the term for someone who suffers from allergy?= =Atopic What is the term for someone who suffers from allergy?= =Atopic 8. What is IgE an antibody response to? ParasitesWhat is IgE an antibody response to?== Parasites 9. What is characteristic of IgE response? "Rapid, extensive"What is characteristic of IgE response?== "Rapid, extensive" 10. What is characteristic of mast cells relating to HS? Large amount of IgE receptors - quick responseWhat is characteristic of mast cells relating to HS?== Large amount of IgE receptors - quick response 11. What happens when an antibody bound mast cell binds pathogen? DegranulationWhat happens when an antibody bound mast cell binds pathogen?== Degranulation 12. What is the problem with mast cells? An allergen can stimulate degranulationWhat is the problem with mast cells?== An allergen can stimulate degranulation 13. What are the functions of granule mediators? "Chemoattractants, activators, spasmogens"What are the functions of granule mediators?== "Chemoattractants, activators, spasmogens" 14. What do activators do? "Increase blood flow, increase vasodilation"What do activators do?== "Increase blood flow, increase vasodilation" 15. What do spasmogens do? "Smooth muscle contraction, mucous"What do spasmogens do?== "Smooth muscle contraction, mucous" 16. What are the preformed mast cell mediators? "Histamines, tryptase"What are the preformed mast cell mediators?== "Histamines, tryptase" 17. What is the advantage of preformed mediators? Instant reactionWhat is the advantage of preformed mediators?== Instant reaction 18. What does tryptase do? Cleaves components of ECMWhat does tryptase do?== Cleaves components of ECM 19. What are synthesised after degranulation? "Lipid mediators, cytokines"What are synthesised after degranulation?== "Lipid mediators, cytokines" 20. What do lipid mediators do? Smooth muscle contraction of blood vessels and enteric systemWhat do lipid mediators do?== Smooth muscle contraction of blood vessels and enteric system 21. What do cytokines like TNF do? Stimulate inflammationWhat do cytokines like TNF do?== Stimulate inflammation 22. What do histamines do? "Vasodilation, permeability"What do histamines do?== "Vasodilation, permeability" 23. What is the result of tryptase cleavage of ECM? Tissue damageWhat is the result of tryptase cleavage of ECM?== Tissue damage 24. What are common allergens? "Pollen, dust mites, venom, food allergies, penecillin, codeine/morphine"What are common allergens?== "Pollen, dust mites, venom, food allergies, penecillin, codeine/morphine" 25. What happens to a second exposure to allergen by atopic individual? Amplified responseWhat happens to a second exposure to allergen by atopic individual?== Amplified response 26. What happens during first exposure to an allergen or parasite? Sensitises mast cells with IgEWhat happens during first exposure to an allergen or parasite?== Sensitises mast cells with IgE 27. Where is IgE produced? In the lymph nodesWhere is IgE produced?== In the lymph nodes 28. What are common sites for allergy?== "Respiratory tract, skin, gut" 29. What is it called when multiple sites have an allergic response? AnaphylaxisWhat is it called when multiple sites have an allergic response?== Anaphylaxis 30. What are treatments for allergies? "Antihistamines, avoidance, steroids, norepinephrine, desensitisation"What are treatments for allergies?== "Antihistamines, avoidance, steroids, norepinephrine, desensitisation" 31. How is allergy tested? "Skin prick, antibodies"How is allergy tested? =="Skin prick, antibodies" 32. Why might IgE give false negative? IgE may be bound to mast cells and not show in bloodWhy might IgE give false negative?== IgE may be bound to mast cells and not show in blood 33. What could be the cause of allergies? Decrease of TregsWhat could be the cause of allergies?== Decrease of Tregs 34. What could cause a decrease in Tregs? Cleaner environment could have hindered Treg developmentWhat could cause a decrease in Tregs?== Cleaner environment could have hindered Treg development 35. What is the mechanism of Type II hypersensitivity? Hemolytic anemiaWhat is the mechanism of Type II hypersensitivity?== Hemolytic anemia 36. What is the mechanism behind hemolytic anemia? "IgG coats RBCs, removed from circulation. IgM coats RBCs, lysed by complement"What is the mechanism behind hemolytic anemia?== "IgG coats RBCs, removed from circulation. IgM coats RBCs, lysed by complement" 37. What can happen if antibodies bind tissue? "Complement lysing, frustrated phagocytes"What can happen if antibodies bind tissue?== "Complement lysing, frustrated phagocytes" 38. What do antibodies attack in good pastures syndrome? Type IV collagenWhat do antibodies attack in good pastures syndrome?== Type IV collagen 39. Where is type IV collagen found? "Glomerular basement membrane, alveoli in the lungs"Where is type IV collagen found?== "Glomerular basement membrane, alveoli in the lungs" 40. What are the symptoms of good pasture syndrome? "Bleeding in the lungs, kidney dysfunction"What are the symptoms of good pasture syndrome?== "Bleeding in the lungs, kidney dysfunction" 41. What type of HS is caused by formation of antibody complexes? Type IIIWhat type of HS is caused by formation of antibody complexes?== Type III 42. What type of hypersensitivity is rheumatoid arthritis? Type IIIWhat type of hypersensitivity is rheumatoid arthritis?== Type III 43. What type of HS is caused by formation of antibody complexes? Type IIIWhat type of HS is caused by formation of antibody complexes?== Type III 44. Explain the mechanism of Type IV hypersensitivity? Small molecule on skin => proteins carry to langerhan cell => langerhan cell to lymphnode => T cells to site => inflammation via cytokine releaseExplain the mechanism of Type IV hypersensitivity?== Small molecule on skin => proteins carry to langerhan cell => langerhan cell to lymphnode => T cells to site => inflammation via cytokine release Loading...
