HomeCoursesMEDSCI 202: Microbiology and ImmunologyLecture 19 Lecture 19 1. What are our primary lymphoid organs? (2) Thymus, bone marrowWhat are our primary lymphoid organs? (2)== Thymus, bone marrow 2. What are our secondary lymphoid organs? (6) Adenoids, tonsils, spleen, peyer's patches, appendix, lymph nodesWhat are our secondary lymphoid organs? (6)== Adenoids, tonsils, spleen, peyer's patches, appendix, lymph nodes 3. Where does central tolerance take place? (2) Thymus, bone marrowWhere does central tolerance take place? (2)== Thymus, bone marrow 4. Where does peripheral tolerance take place? Secondary lymphoid tissueWhere does peripheral tolerance take place?== Secondary lymphoid tissue 5. What happens to immune cells negatively selected in central tolerance? (3) Apoptosis, receptor editing, become TregsWhat happens to immune cells negatively selected in central tolerance? (3)== Apoptosis, receptor editing, become Tregs 6. What happens to immune cells in peripheral tolerance? (3) Anergy, apoptosis, suppressionWhat happens to immune cells in peripheral tolerance? (3)== Anergy, apoptosis, suppression 7. What must T cells bind to mount an immune response? (2) Peptide and MHCWhat must T cells bind to mount an immune response? (2)== Peptide and MHC 8. How do 80% of T cells die by neglect during selection? Failure to bind to MHCHow do 80% of T cells die by neglect during selection?== Failure to bind to MHC 9. Whow do 20% T cells die by apoptosis during selection? Bind too stronglyWhow do 20% T cells die by apoptosis during selection?== Bind too strongly 10. What are the mechanisms for periperal tolerance? ==Clonal anergy, suppression, immunological ignorance 11. What mediates suppression? Treg cellsWhat mediates suppression?== Treg cells 12. What causes anergy? Lack of co-stimulationWhat causes anergy?== Lack of co-stimulation 13. Where does ignorance occur? Immune privileged sitesWhere does ignorance occur?== Immune privileged sites 14. What drives peripheral B cell tolerance? T cellsWhat drives peripheral B cell tolerance?== T cells 15. How does T cell neglect cause B cell anergy?== No Th signals means no TCR for costimulatory signals 16. How does Th cell activity cause B cell anergy? = Anergised Th cells => naive B cell => anergyHow does Th cell activity cause B cell anergy?=== Anergised Th cells => naive B cell => anergy 17. What are the requirements for autoimmune disease? Escape from central tolerance, encounter self antigen, peripheral tolerance failure, autoreactive tissue damageWhat are the requirements for autoimmune disease?== Escape from central tolerance, encounter self antigen, peripheral tolerance failure, autoreactive tissue damage 18. What are the mechanisms for autoimmune disease? Genetic susceptibility, infection/injury, self reactive lymphocyte influx, activation of autoreactive diseaseWhat are the mechanisms for autoimmune disease?== Genetic susceptibility, infection/injury, self reactive lymphocyte influx, activation of autoreactive disease 19. What is an autoimmune disease caused by trauma of immune privilege sites? Sympathetic ophthalmia What is an autoimmune disease caused by trauma of immune privilege sites?== Sympathetic ophthalmia 20. What is molecular mimicry? When a protein peptide of bacteria is similar to self protein peptidesWhat is molecular mimicry?== When a protein peptide of bacteria is similar to self protein peptides 21. What are diseases resulting from molecular mimicry? Rheumatic fever, multiple sclerosisWhat are diseases resulting from molecular mimicry?== Rheumatic fever, multiple sclerosis 22. What are the peptide epitopes in rheumatic fever? Human myosin peptide in heart, streptococcus cell wall protein peptideWhat are the peptide epitopes in rheumatic fever?== Human myosin peptide in heart, streptococcus cell wall protein peptide 23. What are the origins of peptides in multiple sclerosis? Human myelin protein, Epstein-Barr virus proteinWhat are the origins of peptides in multiple sclerosis?== Human myelin protein, Epstein-Barr virus protein 24. What is the progression of multiple sclerosis? Auto immune attack on myelin sheath, damage to nerve axons, sensory and somatic dysfunctionWhat is the progression of multiple sclerosis?== Auto immune attack on myelin sheath, damage to nerve axons, sensory and somatic dysfunction 25. What is an autoimmune disease of the pancreas?== Type 1 diabetes mellitus 26. What is damaged in Type I diabetes? Beta cells of islet of langerhanWhat is damaged in Type I diabetes?== Beta cells of islet of langerhan 27. What is the disease mechanism in rheumatoid arthritis? Autoimmune attack on synovial tissue and cartilageWhat is the disease mechanism in rheumatoid arthritis?== Autoimmune attack on synovial tissue and cartilage 28. Which disease is entirely treated with diet? Coeliac diseaseWhich disease is entirely treated with diet? ==Coeliac disease 29. What influences susceptibility?= = More than one gene (polygenic), environmental factors What influences susceptibility?= = More than one gene (polygenic), environmental factors 30. What types of genes might be involved in auto immune disease?== Antigen presentation genes (MHC), antigen receptor genes, complement genes, regulatory genes 31. Which autoimmune disease is more common in women? Rheumatoid arthritusWhich autoimmune disease is more common in women?== Rheumatoid arthritus 32. How to address autoimmunity?== Replacement, remove trigger, avoid infection, immune suppression 33. What are the common drugs for autoimmune disease? NSAIDS, corticosteroids, DMARDs, TNF antagonistsWhat are the common drugs for autoimmune disease?== NSAIDS, corticosteroids, DMARDs, TNF antagonists 34. What is the drawback of using immune suppressive drugs? Disruption of the immune system, susceptibility to infectionWhat is the drawback of using immune suppressive drugs?== Disruption of the immune system, susceptibility to infection Loading...
