Lecture 13

1.
What is the function of the immune system? (2)
"Distinguish self from non-self, respond to molecular shapes"
2.
Why does the immune system distinguish self from non-self? (4)
"Protect against infection, recover from infection and tissue damage, detect and eliminate tumour cells, maintain relationship with environment, distinguishes “non self"""
3.
What shapes does the immune system recognise? (2)
"Unusual shapes, familiar shapes in unusual contexts"
4.
What progenitor cells come from a hemocytoblast (multi potential hemopoietic stem cell)? (2)
"Myoloid progenitor, lymphoid progenitor"
5.
What cells come from a lymphoid progenitor? (2)
"(Large lymphocyte (natural killer cell), small lymphocyte"
6.
What cells come from a small lymphocyte? (2)
"B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes"
7.
What cells come from a B lymphocyte?
Plasma cells
8.
What are physical external surface protection barriers?
Mucous, cilia, acid, skin
9.
What are chemical defences? (4)
"Lysozymes, sebaceous gland secretions, commensal organisms, spermine"
10.
What are internal innate factors? (5)
"Chemokines, phagocytosis, complement, PRRs, acute phase proteins"
11.
What is the process of phagocytosis? (6)
"Adherence, membrane activation, invagination, phagosome formation, fusion and digestion, release of degraded products"
12.
What is phagocytosis mediated by? (4)
"PRRs, opsonic receptors, scavenging receptors (LPS), apoptitic receptors"
13.
What is opsonisation?
"A coating of antimicobrial proteins called opsonins (C3b, antibody) which increase the number and kinds of binding sites on microbial surfaces. Phagocytes with opsonin receptors (C3bRs, FCRs)"
14.
What is chemotaxis? (4)
"Chemoattractants polymerisation actin in leading edge of cell, extending cell membrane. Cell adheres to surface below it, cell body translocates forward, adhesion sites behind cell body release"
15.
What is vascular permeability?
"An inflammatory response in blood vessels where the venule end of the capillaries dilate and openings between endothelial cells enlarge, allowing blood to leave vessel and enter tissue. Mediates increase in leukocytes and exudate around site of injury"
16.
What do B cells and plasma cells produce?
Antibodies
17.
What is the receptor expressed by T cells?
CD3
18.
What are the types of CD3 receptors?
"CD8 (killers), CD4 (helpers)"
19.
Which cells express CD20?
B cells
20.
What cells are CD3+?
T Cells
21.
What type of infections does adaptive immunity target?
Lethal infections
22.
Why are NK cells not adaptive?
CD3- (no memory)