Lecture 10

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What are the components of disease? (6)= WWWWH Define the disease, who gets the disease, why when and where they get the disease, what happens when they get the disease, How can the disease be prevented

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Question 2 of 33

What are sources of pathogens? (7)= Self infection, human to human, food/drink, environment, air, fomites, insects/animals

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What are modes of transmission? (6)= Airborne, drinking/eating, bodily fluids, direct contact, insect bite, surgery

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What can make you more susceptible for disease? (4)= Preexisting conditions, medications, surgery, genetics

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Question 5 of 33

What are risk factors for infection? (6)= Age, existing medical conditions, genetics, hospitalisation, medication, contact

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Question 6 of 33

What does infectiousness of an organism depend on? (3)= The organism, the dose, the mode of transmission

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Question 7 of 33

What is the incubation period? =From time of infection to the onset of symptoms/disease

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Question 8 of 33

What does the incubation period depend on? (3)= The organism, the dose, the immunity of the person

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Question 9 of 33

Are people infectious during the incubation period?= Depends on the organism?

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Question 10 of 33

What is the clinical disease rate?= % of infected people who develop disease (symptoms)

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Question 11 of 33

How are symptoms studied? (3)= When was the onset, what symptoms are manifest, the severity of the symptoms

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Question 12 of 33

What does the clinical disease rate depend on? (3)= Organism, exposure, immunity of the person

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Question 13 of 33

What is the mortality rate?= % of deaths of those infected

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Question 14 of 33

What does the mortality rate depend on? (3)= Organism, infecting dose, immunity of the person

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Question 15 of 33

What is the immunity rate?= % of people immune to reinfection

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Question 16 of 33

What does the immunity rate depend on? (2)= Organism, immune response of the person

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Question 17 of 33

What is phase one of the lifespan of an epidemic?= Exponential grown of daily cases

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Question 18 of 33

What is phase two of the lifespan of an epidemic?= Where growth of daily cases slows and reaches its peak

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Question 19 of 33

What is phase three of the lifespan of an epidemic?= Where the number of daily cases begins to decrease

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Question 20 of 33

What causes the decline in daily cases in phase three? (2)= Number of people who have developed immunity/been infected is sufficient to reduce number of infections, government controls placed so people are unable to spread disease

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Question 21 of 33

How to make sure health case capacity is not overwhelmed? (2)= Flatten the curve (lower the number of concurrent cases), raise the capacity of the health system

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Question 22 of 33

What is a problem with decreasing infection by strong controls?= Reinfection can occur when controls are lifted

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Question 23 of 33

How can trying to flatten the curve fail to work?= No collective response

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Question 24 of 33

What is the first step in the process of an ebola infection? = Attachment to TIM-1 receptors on epithelial cells in repiratory tract and conjunctiva/body cavities. Infection of immune cells allows spread throughout body

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Question 25 of 33

What is the second step in the process of an ebola infection?=  Penetration. Viral envelope fuses with host cell and passes into cytoplasm

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Question 26 of 33

What is the third step in the process of an ebola infection? = Uncoating. Viral envelope releases nucleic acid. Polymerase protein creates mRNA template

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What is the forth step in the process of an ebola infection? = Translation. mRNA uses host cell to replicate viral RNA

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Question 28 of 33

What is the fifth step in the process of an ebola infection? = Budding. New copies of virus bud from cells and infect new cells

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Question 29 of 33

How is ebola transmitted? =(3) Direct contact with bodily fluids, fomites, animals

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Question 30 of 33

What must happen for a person to become infectious?= Symptoms must develop

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Question 31 of 33

What is the incubation period of ebola?= 21 days

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Question 32 of 33

What the the symtoms of ebola?= Flu, weakness, red eyes, fever, GI problems, rash, impaired kidney and liver, bleeding

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Question 33 of 33

What is the mortality rate of ebola?= 25% - 100%

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