Lecture 1

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What are halophiles?= Microorganisms that can live under high salt conditions

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What are thermophiles?= Microorganisms that can live in high temperatures (60-120 degrees celsius)

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What are cryophiles?= Microorganisms that can live in low temperatures (<15 degrees celsius)

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What are acidophiles?= Microorganisms that can live in acidic conditions (pH <3)

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What are Alkaliphiles?= Microorganisms that can live in alkaline conditions (pH >9)

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What are xerophiles?= Microorganisms that can live in extremely dry conditions

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What are the largest microorganism’s? =Eukaryotes

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How big are prokaryotes?= 1 micrometre

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What is the smallest microorganism? =viruses

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Question 10 of 33

Who discovered the microscope?= Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1676)

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What is the magnification capacity of a light microscope?= "1000x (10x in the eyepiece, 100x in the lens)"

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What is the magnification capacity of a scanning electron microscope (SEM)?= "10,000x"

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What is the magnification capacity of a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?= "200,000"

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What is the magnification capacity of a high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM)?= "50,000,000x"

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What are the taxonomic categories (7)= "Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species"

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What is a strain? =genetic variant of a species?

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What is a serotype? =subtype defined by using specific antibodies

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What is a pathovar?= "A subtype with tissue/host specificity (eg. kiwifruit, tomatoes)"

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What is an isolate?= "A pure microbial sample obtained from cultured, refined specimen"

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What are the steps of bacterial growth? (3)= "Chromosome duplicates, growth of cell, cell divides"

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What are the speed phases of bacterial growth? (6)= "Lag, acceleration, growth, decline, stationary, death"

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What is generation time?= The time it takes for one bacterial cell to divide into two

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What does generation time mark the start of?= Acceleration phase

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"What causes the decline, stationary, and death phases?"= Inadequate nutrient supply

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What are the shapes of bacteria? (6)= "Coccus, bacillus, coccobacillus, fusiform bacillus, vibrio, spirilli, spirochete "

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What makes up the cell wall of gram positive bacteria? (2)= "Thick peptidoglycan, lipid membrane"

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What makes up the cell of of gram negative bacteria? (3)= "cell membrane, think peptidoglycan layer, outer membrane"

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What are some external structures of bacteria? (4)= "Flagella, fimbriae (pili), slime layers, capsules"

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What are the functions of fimbriae (pili)? (2)= "Attachment to host cell, DNA transfer"

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What does the biofilm of a slime layer do? (2)= "Allows for gliding, aggregation"

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What does a capsule do? = Protection

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What is an example of biofilm in teeth?= Dental plaque

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What are endospores?= "Survival cell of gram positive bacterial. Made up of proteinacious coat, peptidoglycan cortex, cell wall, and a core containing the bacterias genetic information"

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