Lecture 34

 0%

Question 1 of 17

What are medullary rays?= Extensions of medulla into cortex

Question 1 of 17

Question 2 of 17

What are renal columns?= Extensions of cortex into medulla

Question 2 of 17

Question 3 of 17

What is the portion of the renal lobule that feeds into the receptacle of the ureta?= Minor calyx

Question 3 of 17

Question 4 of 17

What do medullary rays indicate? =Center of lobule

Question 4 of 17

Question 5 of 17

What forms medullary rays? =Straight portions of tubules extending into cortex

Question 5 of 17

Question 6 of 17

What is featured between two lobules?= Interlobular artery

Question 6 of 17

Question 7 of 17

Where do the blood vessels and ureter meet the kidney? =Hilus

Question 7 of 17

Question 8 of 17

What artery enters the hilus? =Renal artery

Question 8 of 17

Question 9 of 17

What does the renal artery branch into? =Segmental arteries of the outer cortex, interlobar arteries, arcuate artery, interlobular arteries, afferent and efferent arterioles, peritubular cappilaries, stellate veins, interlobular vein arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein

Question 9 of 17

Question 10 of 17

What do the blood vessels of the inner cortex branch into? =Efferent arteriole, descending vasorecta, medullary capillaries, venous ascending vasa recta, arcuate veins, interlobar vein, renal vein

Question 10 of 17

Question 11 of 17

What defines the corticomedullary junction? = Arcuate artery

Question 11 of 17

Question 12 of 17

What is the epithelium in the ureter and bladder?= Transitional epithelium

Question 12 of 17

Question 13 of 17

What is transitional epithlium surrounded by?= Smooth muscle, connective tissue

Question 13 of 17

Question 14 of 17

What leak proofs the epithelium?= Tight juctions, membrane

Question 14 of 17

Question 15 of 17

What is the change of epithelial cells as it progresses along the urethra?= Transitional, stratified columnar, stratified squamous

Question 15 of 17

Question 16 of 17

What shape is a transverse section of the ureter?= Star shaped

Question 16 of 17

Question 17 of 17

What are the layers of the ureter?= Muscularis externa, lamina propria, transitional epithelium

Question 17 of 17


 

 0%

Question 1 of 12

What constitutes the upper respiratory tract?= Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx

Question 1 of 12

Question 2 of 12

What constitutes lower respiratory tract?= Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 2 of 12

Question 3 of 12

What are the conducting vessels?= Nares - terminal bronchioles

Question 3 of 12

Question 4 of 12

What is the respiratory zones?= Respiratory bronchioles - alveoli

Question 4 of 12

Question 5 of 12

What occurs in the respiratory zone?= Gas exchange

Question 5 of 12

Question 6 of 12

What cells are in the nasal cavity?= Warming, moistening, cleaning

Question 6 of 12

Question 7 of 12

What cells are in the nasal cavity?= Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, goblet cells, mucous glands

Question 7 of 12

Question 8 of 12

How does the nasal cavity warm blood?= Rich blood supply under turbinate bone

Question 8 of 12

Question 9 of 12

What are the parts of the seromucosal layer?= Sol layer (serous/watery), gell layer (superior mucous layer)

Question 9 of 12

Question 10 of 12

Which is the bigger lung?= The right lung (three lobes, 10 segments)

Question 10 of 12

Question 11 of 12

Describe the left lung?= 2 lobes, 8 segments

Question 11 of 12

Question 12 of 12

What happens during an asthma attack? =Bronchiorestriction, increase goblet cells

Question 12 of 12


 

 0%

Question 1 of 44

What does cortisol provide negative feedback to? =ACTH

Question 1 of 44

Question 2 of 44

What do gonadal hormones provide negative feedback to? =LH and FSH

Question 2 of 44

Question 3 of 44

What do thyroid hormones provide negative feedback to?= TSH

Question 3 of 44

Question 4 of 44

What endocrine products are from the kidney? ="Renin, erthropoiten, calcitriol"

Question 4 of 44

Question 5 of 44

When are renin and erythropoiten produced?= Following decreases in blood volume and pressure

Question 5 of 44

Question 6 of 44

Where is angiotensinogen produced?= Liver

Question 6 of 44

Question 7 of 44

What converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?= Renin

Question 7 of 44

Question 8 of 44

What converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?= Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in the lungs

Question 8 of 44

Question 9 of 44

What does Ang II stimulate the release of from the adrenal cortex?= Aldosterone

Question 9 of 44

Question 10 of 44

What does Ang II stimulate the release of from the hypothalamus?= Vasopressin

Question 10 of 44

Question 11 of 44

What does aldosterone do?= Increases sodium reabsorption > increased blood volume > increased blood pressure

Question 11 of 44

Question 12 of 44

What does vasopressin (ADH/AVP) do?= Increases blood volume > increased blood pressure

Question 12 of 44

Question 13 of 44

How else does Ang II increase blood pressure?= "Vasoconstriction, cardiovascular responses"

Question 13 of 44

Question 14 of 44

What does erythropoiten (EPO) do?= Increases RBC production > increased blood volume > increased O2

Question 14 of 44

Question 15 of 44

What does calcitriol do? =Increases calcium levels

Question 15 of 44

Question 16 of 44

What stimulates release of calcitriol?= Decreased calcium > increased parathyroid hormone

Question 16 of 44

Question 17 of 44

What does the liver convert vitamin D into? =25-hydroxycholecalciferol

Question 17 of 44

Question 18 of 44

What does the kidney (with PTH) covert 25-hydroxycholecalciferol into?= Calcitriol

Question 18 of 44

Question 19 of 44

What inhibits PTH? =Increased plasma calcium

Question 19 of 44

Question 20 of 44

What does calcitriol do?= Stimulates calcium and PSO4 absorption in the gut

Question 20 of 44

Question 21 of 44

What hormones does the heart produce?= "ANP, BNP"

Question 21 of 44

Question 22 of 44

What do ANP and BNP do?= "Inhibit ADH, aldosterone > increased H2O and Na excretion"

Question 22 of 44

Question 23 of 44

What stimulates the release of ANP and BNP?= "Increased blood pressure, increased blood volume"

Question 23 of 44

Question 24 of 44

What do pancreatic beta cells produce? =Insulin in response to increased blood glucose

Question 24 of 44

Question 25 of 44

What do pancreatic alpha cells produce?= Glucagon in response to decreased blood glucose

Question 25 of 44

Question 26 of 44

What do F cells in the pancreas produce?= Pancreatic polypeptide which regulates digestive enzymes of the gallbladder

Question 26 of 44

Question 27 of 44

What do pancreatic delta cells produce?= "Somatostatin > decreased glucagon, decreased insulin"

Question 27 of 44

Question 28 of 44

What hormones does adipose tissure produce?= "Leptin, resistin, adiponectin, angiotensin, estradiol"

Question 28 of 44

Question 29 of 44

What does leptin regulate?= Appetite and energy expenditure

Question 29 of 44

Question 30 of 44

What do the leydig cells produce? =Testosterone

Question 30 of 44

Question 31 of 44

What does testosterone do?= "Promotes sperm production, secondary sex characteristics"

Question 31 of 44

Question 32 of 44

What do the sustentacular/sertoli/nurse cells produce?= Inhibin

Question 32 of 44

Question 33 of 44

What stimulates sertoli cells to release inhibin?= FSH

Question 33 of 44

Question 34 of 44

What inhibits FSH?= Inhibin

Question 34 of 44

Question 35 of 44

What does FSH do?= Stimulates follicles to release estradiol

Question 35 of 44

Question 36 of 44

What does estradiol do? ="Stimulates growth of endometrium, matures oocytes"

Question 36 of 44

Question 37 of 44

What secretes inhinin in females?= Follicles of the ovaries

Question 37 of 44

Question 38 of 44

What does inhibin do in females?= Negative feedback for FSH

Question 38 of 44

Question 39 of 44

What does inhibin do in males?= "Development of sperm, negative FSH feedback"

Question 39 of 44

Question 40 of 44

What does the corpus luteum produce?= Progesterone (after ovulation)

Question 40 of 44

Question 41 of 44

What does the pineal gland secrete?= Melatonin from pinalocytes

Question 41 of 44

Question 42 of 44

What is melatonin derived from? =Tryptophan > seratonin > melatonin

Question 42 of 44

Question 43 of 44

What does melatonin do?= "Inhibits sperm, oocytes, FSH, LH"

Question 43 of 44

Question 44 of 44

What affects melatonin production?= Light

Question 44 of 44