Lecture 32

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Question 1 of 17

What are medullary rays?= Extensions of medulla into cortex

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Question 2 of 17

What are renal columns?= Extensions of cortex into medulla

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Question 3 of 17

What is the portion of the renal lobule that feeds into the receptacle of the ureta?= Minor calyx

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Question 4 of 17

What do medullary rays indicate? =Center of lobule

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Question 5 of 17

What forms medullary rays? =Straight portions of tubules extending into cortex

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Question 6 of 17

What is featured between two lobules?= Interlobular artery

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Question 7 of 17

Where do the blood vessels and ureter meet the kidney? =Hilus

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Question 8 of 17

What artery enters the hilus? =Renal artery

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Question 9 of 17

What does the renal artery branch into? =Segmental arteries of the outer cortex, interlobar arteries, arcuate artery, interlobular arteries, afferent and efferent arterioles, peritubular cappilaries, stellate veins, interlobular vein arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein

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Question 10 of 17

What do the blood vessels of the inner cortex branch into? =Efferent arteriole, descending vasorecta, medullary capillaries, venous ascending vasa recta, arcuate veins, interlobar vein, renal vein

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Question 11 of 17

What defines the corticomedullary junction? = Arcuate artery

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Question 12 of 17

What is the epithelium in the ureter and bladder?= Transitional epithelium

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Question 13 of 17

What is transitional epithlium surrounded by?= Smooth muscle, connective tissue

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Question 14 of 17

What leak proofs the epithelium?= Tight juctions, membrane

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Question 15 of 17

What is the change of epithelial cells as it progresses along the urethra?= Transitional, stratified columnar, stratified squamous

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Question 16 of 17

What shape is a transverse section of the ureter?= Star shaped

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Question 17 of 17

What are the layers of the ureter?= Muscularis externa, lamina propria, transitional epithelium

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Question 1 of 12

What constitutes the upper respiratory tract?= Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx

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Question 2 of 12

What constitutes lower respiratory tract?= Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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Question 3 of 12

What are the conducting vessels?= Nares - terminal bronchioles

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Question 4 of 12

What is the respiratory zones?= Respiratory bronchioles - alveoli

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Question 5 of 12

What occurs in the respiratory zone?= Gas exchange

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Question 6 of 12

What cells are in the nasal cavity?= Warming, moistening, cleaning

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Question 7 of 12

What cells are in the nasal cavity?= Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, goblet cells, mucous glands

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Question 8 of 12

How does the nasal cavity warm blood?= Rich blood supply under turbinate bone

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Question 9 of 12

What are the parts of the seromucosal layer?= Sol layer (serous/watery), gell layer (superior mucous layer)

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Question 10 of 12

Which is the bigger lung?= The right lung (three lobes, 10 segments)

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Question 11 of 12

Describe the left lung?= 2 lobes, 8 segments

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Question 12 of 12

What happens during an asthma attack? =Bronchiorestriction, increase goblet cells

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Question 1 of 50

What are the characteristics of nervous system homeostatic regulation? ="Specific, short term, in response to environmental stimuli"

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Question 2 of 50

What are the characteristics of the endocrine system's homeostatic regulation?= "Longer release, throughout body"

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Question 3 of 50

What are the groups of hormones?= "Amino acid derivatives, peptide hormones, steroid hormones, eicosanoids"

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Question 4 of 50

What are the amino acid derivatives?= "Thyroid hormones, catecholamines, melatonin"

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Question 5 of 50

What are the peptide hormones?= Pituitary hormones

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Question 6 of 50

What are the steroid hormones?= "Reproductive,adrenal"

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Question 7 of 50

What are the endocrine glands in the brain?= "Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal"

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Question 8 of 50

What are the endocrine glands in the neck?= "Thyroid, parathyroid"

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Question 9 of 50

What are the endocrine glands in the thorax?= "Heart, thymus"

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Question 10 of 50

What are the endocrine glands in the abdomen?= "Kidney, adrenals, pancreas"

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Question 11 of 50

What are the endocrine glands of the pancreas?= Islets of Langerhans

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Question 12 of 50

What are the endocrine glands in the pelvis?= Gonads

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Question 13 of 50

What hormones does the hypothalamus produce?= "ADH, oxytocin"

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Question 14 of 50

What hormones does the posterior pituitary gland produce?= "ADH, oxytocin"

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Question 15 of 50

What hormones does the anterior pituitary gland produce?= "ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, FSH, LH, MSH"

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Question 16 of 50

What hormones does the thyroid gland produce? ="Thyroxine, calcitonin, T3"

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Question 17 of 50

What hormones does the thymus gland produce?= Thymosins

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Question 18 of 50

What hormones does the adrenal medulla produce?= "Epinephrine, norepinephrine"

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Question 19 of 50

What hormones does the adrenal cortex produce?= "Cortisol, coricosterone, aldosterone, androgens"

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Question 20 of 50

What hormones does the pineal gland produce?= Melatonin

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Question 21 of 50

What hormones does the parathyroid gland produce?= PTH

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Question 22 of 50

What hormones does the heart produce?= "Natriuretic peptide, ANP, BNP"

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Question 23 of 50

What hormones does the kidney produce?= "EPO, calcitriol"

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Question 24 of 50

What hormones does the pancreas produce?= "Insulin, glucagon"

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Question 25 of 50

What hormones do the male gonads produce?= "Testosterone, inhibin"

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Question 26 of 50

What hormones do the female gonads produce?= "Estrogens, progetins, inhibin"

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Question 27 of 50

What hormones does adipose tissue produce?= "Leptin, resistin"

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Question 28 of 50

What are endocrine reflexes stimulated by?= "Humoral, hormonal, neural"

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Question 29 of 50

What is the purpose of positive feedback?= Rush a process to completion

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Question 30 of 50

What do regulatory hormones of the hypothalamus do?= Stimulate or inhibit hormone release from the anterior pituitary gland

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Question 31 of 50

What hormones are synthesised in the hypothalamus and released form the posterior pituitary gland?= "ADH, oxytocin"

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Question 32 of 50

How does the hypothalamus regulate ANS?= Sympathetic control of the adrenal medulla

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Question 33 of 50

Which lobe of the pituitary connects to the hypothalamus?= Posterior

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Question 34 of 50

What are the divisions of the anterior pituitary lobe?= "Par tuberalis, pars distalis, pars intermedia"

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Question 35 of 50

Which region produces most peptide hormones?= Pars distalis

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Question 36 of 50

Which region divides the posterior pituitary from the anterior pituitary?= Pars intermedia

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Question 37 of 50

Which secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone?= Pars intermedia

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Question 38 of 50

What bone holds the pituitary gland? =Sphenoid bone

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Question 39 of 50

Which artery brings blood to the hypophyseal portal system?= "Superior hypophyseal artery, inferior hypohyseal artery"

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Question 40 of 50

Which lobe of the pituitary does the superior hypophyseal artery supply?= Anterior

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Question 41 of 50

Which neurons sythesise ADH?= Supraoptic neuclei

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Question 42 of 50

Which neurons synthesis oxytocin? =Paraventricular nuclei

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Question 43 of 50

How do hormones enter the circulation from the anterior and posterior capillary beds?= Hypophyseal veins

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Question 44 of 50

Which hormone targets the adrenal cortex?= ACTH (adrenocorticotropic)

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Question 45 of 50

Which hormone targets the thyroid gland? =TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

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Question 46 of 50

Which hormones target the gonads?= "FSH, LH (follicle stimulating hormone, lutenising hormone)"

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Question 47 of 50

Which hormone targets melanocytes?= MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)

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Question 48 of 50

Which hormone targets smooth muscle in the uterus and vas deferens?= Oxytocin

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Question 49 of 50

Which hormone targets kidneys for blood pressure regulation?= ADH (anti diuretic hormone)

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Question 50 of 50

What directly stimulates the adrenal medulla?= Neurons from the hypothalamus

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