Lecture 30

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Question 1 of 17

What are medullary rays?= Extensions of medulla into cortex

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Question 2 of 17

What are renal columns?= Extensions of cortex into medulla

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Question 3 of 17

What is the portion of the renal lobule that feeds into the receptacle of the ureta?= Minor calyx

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Question 4 of 17

What do medullary rays indicate? =Center of lobule

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Question 5 of 17

What forms medullary rays? =Straight portions of tubules extending into cortex

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Question 6 of 17

What is featured between two lobules?= Interlobular artery

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Question 7 of 17

Where do the blood vessels and ureter meet the kidney? =Hilus

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Question 8 of 17

What artery enters the hilus? =Renal artery

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Question 9 of 17

What does the renal artery branch into? =Segmental arteries of the outer cortex, interlobar arteries, arcuate artery, interlobular arteries, afferent and efferent arterioles, peritubular cappilaries, stellate veins, interlobular vein arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein

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Question 10 of 17

What do the blood vessels of the inner cortex branch into? =Efferent arteriole, descending vasorecta, medullary capillaries, venous ascending vasa recta, arcuate veins, interlobar vein, renal vein

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Question 11 of 17

What defines the corticomedullary junction? = Arcuate artery

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Question 12 of 17

What is the epithelium in the ureter and bladder?= Transitional epithelium

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Question 13 of 17

What is transitional epithlium surrounded by?= Smooth muscle, connective tissue

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Question 14 of 17

What leak proofs the epithelium?= Tight juctions, membrane

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Question 15 of 17

What is the change of epithelial cells as it progresses along the urethra?= Transitional, stratified columnar, stratified squamous

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Question 16 of 17

What shape is a transverse section of the ureter?= Star shaped

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Question 17 of 17

What are the layers of the ureter?= Muscularis externa, lamina propria, transitional epithelium

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Question 1 of 12

What constitutes the upper respiratory tract?= Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx

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Question 2 of 12

What constitutes lower respiratory tract?= Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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Question 3 of 12

What are the conducting vessels?= Nares - terminal bronchioles

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Question 4 of 12

What is the respiratory zones?= Respiratory bronchioles - alveoli

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Question 5 of 12

What occurs in the respiratory zone?= Gas exchange

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Question 6 of 12

What cells are in the nasal cavity?= Warming, moistening, cleaning

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Question 7 of 12

What cells are in the nasal cavity?= Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, goblet cells, mucous glands

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Question 8 of 12

How does the nasal cavity warm blood?= Rich blood supply under turbinate bone

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Question 9 of 12

What are the parts of the seromucosal layer?= Sol layer (serous/watery), gell layer (superior mucous layer)

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Question 10 of 12

Which is the bigger lung?= The right lung (three lobes, 10 segments)

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Question 11 of 12

Describe the left lung?= 2 lobes, 8 segments

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Question 12 of 12

What happens during an asthma attack? =Bronchiorestriction, increase goblet cells

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Question 1 of 25

Where does blood from the head and arms return to?= "Right atrium, superior vena cava"

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Question 2 of 25

What are fetal lungs filled with?= Lung fluid

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Question 3 of 25

What effect does the lung fluid have on the lungs?= "Vessels can't expand, resistance increased"

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Question 4 of 25

How much blood flows through the fetal pumonary circuit? =10%

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Question 5 of 25

Where does the placenta attach?= Lower systemic circuit

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Question 6 of 25

Where does the deoxygenated blood flow in the inferior vena cava?= Anterior surface

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Question 7 of 25

What is the path of the oxygenated blood from the inferior vena cava?= "Right atrium, foramen ovales, left atrium, left ventricle"

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Question 8 of 25

What does the oxygenated blood from the left ventricle supply?= Head and arms esp. brain and heart

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Question 9 of 25

What connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?= Ductus arteriosis

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Question 10 of 25

What are the steps to the first filling of the pulmonary arteries? ="Infant takes breath, lungs expand, pulmonary capillaries expand creating low pressure gradient, blood flows into pulmonary arteries"

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Question 11 of 25

What are the developments of the heart after the umbilical cord is cut? ="Septum primum closes, feedback from aorta causes ductus arteriosis to becum ligamentum arteriosis, foramen ovale becomes fossa ovalis"

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Question 12 of 25

What is the function of large arteries?= "conduct blood from ventricle, store blood during systole, release blood during diastole"

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Question 13 of 25

What is the function of the medium sized arteries? =Distribution

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Question 14 of 25

What is the function of the arterioles? =Control distribution to capillaries

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Question 15 of 25

What is the function of the capillaries?= Exchange

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Question 16 of 25

What is the function of the venules? =Collect blood

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Question 17 of 25

What is the function of the veins?= "Conduct blood to heart, storage"

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Question 18 of 25

What are the tunics of the muscular arteries?= "Intima, media, adventitia"

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Question 19 of 25

What are the components of the tunica intima? ="Endothelium, basement membrane, connective tissue, internal elastic lamina"

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Question 20 of 25

What is in the tunica media of muscular arteries?= "Smooth muscle, collagen, elastin, external elastic lamina"

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Question 21 of 25

What is in the tunica adventitia in the muscular arteriosus?= "Collagen and elastin fibres, vasa vasorum, nerves"

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Question 22 of 25

What do vasa vasorum do? =Supply blood to the vessel

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Question 23 of 25

Which layer is effected by atherosclerosis?= Tunica intima

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Question 24 of 25

What causes atheromas?= "Increased lipids in blood, toxins, viruses, shear stress"

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Question 25 of 25

What is the progression of atherosclerosis?= "Plaque of lipids builds up, macrophages eat and die and become foam cells, foam cells lyse and release lipid droplets, smooth muscle converts to foam cells and secretes collagen cap, internal elastic lamina degrades"

Question 25 of 25