Lecture 29

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Question 1 of 17

What are medullary rays?= Extensions of medulla into cortex

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Question 2 of 17

What are renal columns?= Extensions of cortex into medulla

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What is the portion of the renal lobule that feeds into the receptacle of the ureta?= Minor calyx

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Question 4 of 17

What do medullary rays indicate? =Center of lobule

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What forms medullary rays? =Straight portions of tubules extending into cortex

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Question 6 of 17

What is featured between two lobules?= Interlobular artery

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Question 7 of 17

Where do the blood vessels and ureter meet the kidney? =Hilus

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Question 8 of 17

What artery enters the hilus? =Renal artery

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Question 9 of 17

What does the renal artery branch into? =Segmental arteries of the outer cortex, interlobar arteries, arcuate artery, interlobular arteries, afferent and efferent arterioles, peritubular cappilaries, stellate veins, interlobular vein arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein

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Question 10 of 17

What do the blood vessels of the inner cortex branch into? =Efferent arteriole, descending vasorecta, medullary capillaries, venous ascending vasa recta, arcuate veins, interlobar vein, renal vein

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Question 11 of 17

What defines the corticomedullary junction? = Arcuate artery

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Question 12 of 17

What is the epithelium in the ureter and bladder?= Transitional epithelium

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Question 13 of 17

What is transitional epithlium surrounded by?= Smooth muscle, connective tissue

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Question 14 of 17

What leak proofs the epithelium?= Tight juctions, membrane

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Question 15 of 17

What is the change of epithelial cells as it progresses along the urethra?= Transitional, stratified columnar, stratified squamous

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Question 16 of 17

What shape is a transverse section of the ureter?= Star shaped

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Question 17 of 17

What are the layers of the ureter?= Muscularis externa, lamina propria, transitional epithelium

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Question 1 of 12

What constitutes the upper respiratory tract?= Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx

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What constitutes lower respiratory tract?= Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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Question 3 of 12

What are the conducting vessels?= Nares - terminal bronchioles

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Question 4 of 12

What is the respiratory zones?= Respiratory bronchioles - alveoli

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What occurs in the respiratory zone?= Gas exchange

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Question 6 of 12

What cells are in the nasal cavity?= Warming, moistening, cleaning

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Question 7 of 12

What cells are in the nasal cavity?= Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, goblet cells, mucous glands

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Question 8 of 12

How does the nasal cavity warm blood?= Rich blood supply under turbinate bone

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Question 9 of 12

What are the parts of the seromucosal layer?= Sol layer (serous/watery), gell layer (superior mucous layer)

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Question 10 of 12

Which is the bigger lung?= The right lung (three lobes, 10 segments)

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Describe the left lung?= 2 lobes, 8 segments

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What happens during an asthma attack? =Bronchiorestriction, increase goblet cells

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Question 1 of 32

What is the precursor tissue to the heart?= Mesoderm

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Question 2 of 32

What are the receiving vessels at 3 weeks?= Sinus venus

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Question 3 of 32

Name the parts of the developing heart at 3 weeks distal to the sinus venus? =Primitive atrium, primitive ventricle, bulbous cordis

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Question 4 of 32

What are the junctions (restrictions) in the developing heart? =Atrioventricular junction, bulboventricular junction

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Question 5 of 32

What does the bulbous cordis do?= Feeds blood to aorta

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Question 6 of 32

What happens as the developing heart grows?= Cardiac looping

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Question 7 of 32

What happens during cardiac looping at 3 weeks? =Primitive atria moves left, dorsal and rostral, primitive ventricle movies right, ventral and caudal

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Question 8 of 32

What veins drain into the sinus venosus? =Common cardinal, umbilical veins, vitelline veins

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Question 9 of 32

Where do vitelline veins bring blood from?= Yolk sac

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Question 10 of 32

What happens to the primitive ventricle at 3.5 weeks?= Caudal drop

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Question 11 of 32

What happens at week 4 of heart development? =Sinus venus move rostral, primitive atria bulges either side of bulbus cordis, interatrial septum begins to form, trabeculae begin to form

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Question 12 of 32

What does the primitive ventricle form? =Left ventricle

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Question 13 of 32

What forms the right ventricle? =Bulbous cordis

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Question 14 of 32

What forms interventricular septum? =Bulboventricular junction

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Question 15 of 32

What happens at 5 weeks?= Right common cardinal vein becomes superior vena cava. Left common cardinal diminishes and forms coronary sinus

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Question 16 of 32

What does the cardiac sinus do?= Receives blood from cardiac veins

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Question 17 of 32

What forms inferior vena cava?= Right vitelline vein

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Question 18 of 32

What are the regions of the bulbous cordis?= Right ventricle, conotruncus

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Question 19 of 32

What are the regions of the conotruncus?= Conus cordis, truncus arteriosus

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Question 20 of 32

What happens at 6 weeks of heart development?= Left pulmonary veins grow out of left atrium

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Question 21 of 32

What forms the pumonary and aortic arteries?= Conus cordis spirals, invaginates and separates

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Question 22 of 32

What is the smooth wall component of the atria?= Veins being incorporated into the wall of the atria

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Question 23 of 32

What forms the auricles? =Primitive atria

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Question 24 of 32

What happens to the sinus venus?= Forms the vena cava

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Question 25 of 32

What joins the pulmonary trunk with the aorta?= Ductus arteriosus

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Question 26 of 32

What is the process of forming the atrial septum at 4 weeks?= Septum primum grows downward, foramen primum

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Question 27 of 32

What happens at 6 weeks of atrial development?= Septum primum reaches ventricular tissue, cell death at rostral portion, septum secumdum begins to form

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Question 28 of 32

What happens in the weeks after 6 weeks of heart development? = Complete formation of foramen secundum and foramen ovali

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Question 29 of 32

What forms the interatrial septum? =Septum secundum

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Question 30 of 32

What are the most common congenital defects?= Ventricular septal defects

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Question 31 of 32

Where does placental blood enter the heart?= Inferior vena cava

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Question 32 of 32

What is separated in the inferior vena cava?= Abdominal deoxygenated blood and placental blood by lamina flow

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