Lecture 28

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Question 1 of 17

What are medullary rays?= Extensions of medulla into cortex

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Question 2 of 17

What are renal columns?= Extensions of cortex into medulla

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Question 3 of 17

What is the portion of the renal lobule that feeds into the receptacle of the ureta?= Minor calyx

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Question 4 of 17

What do medullary rays indicate? =Center of lobule

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Question 5 of 17

What forms medullary rays? =Straight portions of tubules extending into cortex

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Question 6 of 17

What is featured between two lobules?= Interlobular artery

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Question 7 of 17

Where do the blood vessels and ureter meet the kidney? =Hilus

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Question 8 of 17

What artery enters the hilus? =Renal artery

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Question 9 of 17

What does the renal artery branch into? =Segmental arteries of the outer cortex, interlobar arteries, arcuate artery, interlobular arteries, afferent and efferent arterioles, peritubular cappilaries, stellate veins, interlobular vein arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein

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Question 10 of 17

What do the blood vessels of the inner cortex branch into? =Efferent arteriole, descending vasorecta, medullary capillaries, venous ascending vasa recta, arcuate veins, interlobar vein, renal vein

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Question 11 of 17

What defines the corticomedullary junction? = Arcuate artery

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Question 12 of 17

What is the epithelium in the ureter and bladder?= Transitional epithelium

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Question 13 of 17

What is transitional epithlium surrounded by?= Smooth muscle, connective tissue

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Question 14 of 17

What leak proofs the epithelium?= Tight juctions, membrane

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Question 15 of 17

What is the change of epithelial cells as it progresses along the urethra?= Transitional, stratified columnar, stratified squamous

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Question 16 of 17

What shape is a transverse section of the ureter?= Star shaped

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Question 17 of 17

What are the layers of the ureter?= Muscularis externa, lamina propria, transitional epithelium

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Question 1 of 12

What constitutes the upper respiratory tract?= Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx

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Question 2 of 12

What constitutes lower respiratory tract?= Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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Question 3 of 12

What are the conducting vessels?= Nares - terminal bronchioles

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Question 4 of 12

What is the respiratory zones?= Respiratory bronchioles - alveoli

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Question 5 of 12

What occurs in the respiratory zone?= Gas exchange

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Question 6 of 12

What cells are in the nasal cavity?= Warming, moistening, cleaning

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Question 7 of 12

What cells are in the nasal cavity?= Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, goblet cells, mucous glands

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Question 8 of 12

How does the nasal cavity warm blood?= Rich blood supply under turbinate bone

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Question 9 of 12

What are the parts of the seromucosal layer?= Sol layer (serous/watery), gell layer (superior mucous layer)

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Question 10 of 12

Which is the bigger lung?= The right lung (three lobes, 10 segments)

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Question 11 of 12

Describe the left lung?= 2 lobes, 8 segments

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Question 12 of 12

What happens during an asthma attack? =Bronchiorestriction, increase goblet cells

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Question 1 of 35

What part of the respiratory tract is ciliated?= Conduction zone

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Question 2 of 35

What secretes the water fluid in the airways?= Club cells

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Question 3 of 35

What secretes the viscous fluid in the airways? =Mucous glands, goblet cells

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Question 4 of 35

What secretes the watery surfactant of the alveoli? =Type II pneumocytes

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Question 5 of 35

Where are the goblet cells?= Bronchi

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Question 6 of 35

What is in bronchi columnar epithelial? =Cartilage, glands, smooth muscle, goblet cells

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Question 7 of 35

What is in bronchiolar cuboidal epithelium?= Smooth muscle, club cells

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Question 8 of 35

What are the epithelium of the alveolar? =Type I, type II

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Question 9 of 35

What are type I pneumocytes? =Simple squamous

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Question 10 of 35

What is the function of type I pneumocytes?= Gas exchange

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Question 11 of 35

What are type II pneumocytes?= Cuboidal epithelium

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Question 12 of 35

What is the function of type II pneumocytes?= Secrete surfactant

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Question 13 of 35

What does surfactant do?= Reduce surface tension, prevent collapse, reduce work of breathing

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Question 14 of 35

What holds the alveolar structure together?= Elastic fibres

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Question 15 of 35

What does a pore of Kohn do?= Alternative route for air flow

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Question 16 of 35

What joins an alveolar blood vessel to the alveolar epithelium? =Basal lamina

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Question 17 of 35

What causes COPD?= Destruction of elastic fibres

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Question 18 of 35

What causes pulmonary fibrosis?= Asbestos (thickens airways, increases blood barrier, decreases gas exchange

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Question 19 of 35

Where do the pulmonary arteries run?= With the airways

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Question 20 of 35

Where do the pulmonary veins run?= In connective tissue septa

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Question 21 of 35

What is the pressure in the pumonary arteries?= 25-5mmHG

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Question 22 of 35

What is the pressure in the pulmonary veins? =10-0 mmHg

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Question 23 of 35

Where are the lung arteries of the systemic circulation? =Bronchiol walles

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Question 24 of 35

What is the pressure of the systemic circuit in the lungs? =100 mmHG

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Question 25 of 35

What are the features of the pumonary arteries? =Large, less smooth muscle

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Question 26 of 35

What form in conception during the first 7 weeks =Primordial lungs, primordial lobes, primordial segments

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Question 27 of 35

What forms from up to week 17? =Bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

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Question 28 of 35

What happens up to week 25?= Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts

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Question 29 of 35

What happens at week 24?= Alveoli form, association of blood vessels with alveoli, type I and type II cells develop

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Question 30 of 35

What is the name of the stage up till 7 weeks? =Embryonic

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Question 31 of 35

What is the name of the stage up till 17 weeks?= Pseudoglandular

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Question 32 of 35

What is the name of the stage up till 25 weeks?= Cannalicular

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Question 33 of 35

What is the name of the stage up till 36 weeks?= Sacular

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Question 34 of 35

What is the name of the stage up till birth? =Alveolar

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Question 35 of 35

What is treatment for premature babies? =Delay birth, mature lungs with steroids

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