Lecture 19

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Question 1 of 43

Which is the largest organ in the body? = Skin

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Question 2 of 43

What is the area of skin covering the body? = 2m2

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Question 3 of 43

What are the functions of the skin? (5) Sense thermoregulation barrier excretion synthesis

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Question 4 of 43

How is the skin a barrier to microbes? (4) = Physical barrier antibacterial sweat/oil corneum dessicated inhibiting bacterial living

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Question 5 of 43

What is vitD important for? = Bone growth

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Question 6 of 43

What are the layers of skin? (3) = Epidermis dermis hypodermis

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Question 7 of 43

What are the cells of the epidermis? (4) = Keratinocytes melanocytes merkel cells tactile discs

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Question 8 of 43

Where does the basement membrane sit? = Between the the epidermis and dermis=

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Question 9 of 43

What are the layers of the epidermis? (5) = Stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum

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Question 10 of 43

The cells of which layer secrete lipids into the intestinal tissue? = Stratum granulosum

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Question 11 of 43

How many layers are in the stratum corneum? = 10-30

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Question 12 of 43

What happens to cell morphology and function as you ascend to the stratum granulosum? (3) = Cells get flatter= take on more keratin lose nuclei

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Question 13 of 43

What layer is only found in thick skin? = Stratum lucidum

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Question 14 of 43

How long does it take for a cycle of skin to regenerate? = 48 days

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Question 15 of 43

What are the cell types in the skin? = Keratinocytes melanocytes

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Question 16 of 43

Which cells are capable of initiating an immune response? = Keratinocytes

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Question 17 of 43

What are the epidermal proteins? = Keratin melanin

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Question 18 of 43

What does keratin form? = Intermediate filaments

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Question 19 of 43

What does melanin do? = Absorbs UV produced by exposure to UV

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Question 20 of 43

What are the layers of the dermis? (2) = Papillary reticular

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Question 21 of 43

What is the tissue of the papillary layer? = Areolar connective tissue

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Question 22 of 43

What is the tissue of the reticular layer? = Dense irregular connective tissue

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Question 23 of 43

What does the loose connective tissue of the papillary layer allow for? = Migration of macrophages within the tissue

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Question 24 of 43

What does the parillary layer of the dermis contain? = Meisner corpuscles blood vessels papillae

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Question 25 of 43

What does the reticular layer of the dermis contain? = Hair follicles blood vessels glands elastic tissue

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Question 26 of 43

What are the cell types of the dermis? = Fibroblasts mast cells macrophages

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Question 27 of 43

What are the dermal proteins? (2) = Collagen elastin

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Question 28 of 43

What leads to aging of the skin? = Degradation of collagen loss of elastin

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Question 29 of 43

What does the hypodermic consist of? = Loose connective tissue adipocytes

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Question 30 of 43

What is the function of the hypodermis? (3) Binds skin contributes padding insulates

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Question 31 of 43

Where is thick skin found in the body? (4) = Palms fingers soles toes

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Question 32 of 43

What are organs and appendages of the epidermis? = Nails hair sebaceous glands sweat glands

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Question 33 of 43

Where do nail cells originate? = Nail matrix

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Question 34 of 43

Where do hair cells matrix originate? = Hair matrix

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Question 35 of 43

What is the role of the sebacous gland? = Lubricating the hair and skin

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Question 36 of 43

What sebaceous gland is not associated with hair follicles? = Sebaceous follicle

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Question 37 of 43

What is mechanoreception? = Detection of distortion of the skin

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Question 38 of 43

Which is the onion skin receptor? = Pacinian corpuscle

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Question 39 of 43

What are the types of thermoreceptors? (3) = Noxious cold noxious heat innocuous temperatures

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Question 40 of 43

Which parts of the brain do sensed temperature signals go? (2) = Primary sensory cortex (cognition) hypothalamus (autonomic response).

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Question 41 of 43

Which part of the brain controls the integration of temperature information? = Themo-regulatory centre

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Question 42 of 43

What are normal body temperature parameters? = 35.6 - 37.8

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Question 43 of 43

What responses does the brain incorporate to maintain normal body temperature? (3) = Shivering (skeletal muscle) vasoconstriction (skin arterioles) sweating (sweat glands)

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