Lecture 4

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Question 1 of 13

What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s? (5)
Wooden face, rigidity, trouble initiating movement, pill rolling, tremors.

Question 1 of 13

Question 2 of 13

Which structure is affected the most?
Pars compacta of substantia nigra.

Question 2 of 13

Question 3 of 13

What causes the pathology?
Dying of dopamine cells and collection of alpha syneuclein.

Question 3 of 13

Question 4 of 13

What causes the symptoms?
Inadequate amounts of dopamine being produced in the brain.

Question 4 of 13

Question 5 of 13

Describe how Parkinson’s affects the basal ganglia pathway.
Substantia Nigra lose ability to prime striatum => decreased inhibition of globus palidus => GP inhibitory fibres increase firing => increased inhibition of VAVL thalamo-cortico fibres => hypokinesia.

Question 5 of 13

Question 6 of 13

What is pedunculotomy?
Cutting crus cerebri to remove tremors.

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Question 7 of 13

What is pallidotomy?
Incision of GP to decrease inhibition of VAVL.

Question 7 of 13

Question 8 of 13

What is a thalamotomy?
Incision of thalamus to increase stimulation of motor cortex.

Question 8 of 13

Question 9 of 13

What are the symptoms of too much dopamine? (Psychological)
Hallucination, depression, hyperkinesia, psychosis.

Question 9 of 13

Question 10 of 13

How long is the window for levodopa?
8 – 10 years.

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Question 11 of 13

How does deep brain stimulation work?
Stimulates GV at right frequency to achieve desired rate of thalamic inhibition / excitation.

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Question 12 of 13

How are stem cells used for treatment of Parkinson’s?
Striatum stem cells taken from aborted fetus’ and cultured and transplanted.

Question 12 of 13

Question 13 of 13

How does gene therapy work?
Turns genes controlling fibres in the brain on and off.

Question 13 of 13