Lecture 37

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Question 1 of 46

What lies beneath the two layers of the muscularis externa? = Myenteric nerve plexus.

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Question 2 of 46

What is its function? = Innervate muscle (peristalsis).

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Question 3 of 46

What nerve plexus lives within the submucosa? = Submucosal nerveplexus.

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Question 4 of 46

What is its function? (what does it innervate?) = Blood vessels, muscularis mucosae.

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Question 5 of 46

What is the combined system of the submucosal and myenteric called? = Enteric nervous system.

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Question 6 of 46

What innervates the entire nervous system? = ANS (symp and para).

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Question 7 of 46

What is the function of the submucosa? = Support (muscularis mucosae → connect muscularis externa).

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Question 8 of 46

What does it carry? (3) = Blood, nerves, lymph.

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Question 9 of 46

What is the serosa? (What is its other name?) = Misceral peritoneum.

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Question 10 of 46

What is it made of? (2) = Mesothelial cells and connective tissue.

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Question 11 of 46

What is an outer layer of connective tissue without epithelial called? = Adventitia.

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Question 12 of 46

What is the innermost (lumen) layer in the oesophagus? = Stratified squamous epithelium.

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Question 13 of 46

What are the layers of the oesophagus? (3) = Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa.

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Question 14 of 46

What are the functions of the oesophagus? = Transport, protection.

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Question 15 of 46

What type of muscle is present in the upper oesophagus? = Smooth, skeletal.

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Question 16 of 46

Where does the oesophagus obtain a visceral peritoneum? = As it enters the peritoneal cavity.

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Question 17 of 46

What do you call the longitudinal folds of the stomach? = Rugae.

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Question 18 of 46

What is the stomach in a few words? = Enlargement of the oesophagus.

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Question 19 of 46

What is the pyloric sphincter in a few words? = Thickening of the muscularis mucosae.

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Question 20 of 46

What is the primary function of the stomach? = Storage.

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Question 21 of 46

What are the four regions of the stomach? = Fundus, body, pytoric, cardia.

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Question 22 of 46

Which contains mostly mucous glands? (2) = Cardia, pylorus.

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Question 23 of 46

Which secrete acid enzymes and mucus? (2) = Body fundas.

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Question 24 of 46

What are the different layers of the stomach? (3) (muscularis externa) = Longitudinal, circular, innermost oblique.

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Question 25 of 46

What are other functions of the stomach? (4) = Secretion, digestion, absorption, protection.

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Question 26 of 46

What are the regions of the stomach mucosa? (3) = Gastric pit, gastric glands, neck.

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Question 27 of 46

Which cells secrete HCL? = Parietal.

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Question 28 of 46

How do they do this? = H+ and C1- into lumen.

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Question 29 of 46

What are the functions of the parietal cells? (3) = Sterilise, acidify, intrinsic factor.

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Question 30 of 46

What is intrinsic factor for? = Absorption of B12.

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Question 31 of 46

What is B12 for? = Production of RBC.

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Question 32 of 46

What do chief cells secrete? (2) = Pepsinogen.

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Question 33 of 46

What is pepsinogen converted into? = Pepsin (protein splitter).

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Question 34 of 46

What cells secrete alkaline mucous? = Surface mucous cells.

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Question 35 of 46

What does mucous protect mucosa from? (2) = Acid and pepsin.

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Question 36 of 46

Which cells are enteroendocrine? = Gastrin cells.

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Question 37 of 46

Where does gastrin go? (Where is it released into?) = Into blood vessel.

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Question 38 of 46

What is its job? (4) = Stimulate chief, parietal cells, increase muscle contraction, decrease pyloric sphincter constriction (release).

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Question 39 of 46

Which side of the cell are its vesicles? (Medial or lateral to lumen?) = Lateral to lumen (near B.V.)

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Question 40 of 46

Which cells divide to give new epithelium? = Undifferentiated cells (stem cells).

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Question 41 of 46

What cells is the liver made of? = Hepatocytes (epithelium).

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Question 42 of 46

What are the channels within the liver? = Bile canalicus.

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Question 43 of 46

What prevents larger cells entering the liver? = Fenestrated epithelium.

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Question 44 of 46

What is the size of a sinusoid? = Greater than RBC.

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Question 45 of 46

What is the fluid of the blood vessel (minus proteins and red blood cells)? = Lymph.

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Question 46 of 46

What is the space that carries lymph? = Lymph space of disse.

Question 46 of 46