Lecture 35

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Question 1 of 40

What is a muscle made up of (internal)? = Fascicles.

Question 1 of 40

Question 2 of 40

What is the layer surrounding the muscle? = Epimysium, perimysium.

Question 2 of 40

Question 3 of 40

What is the layer surrounding the fasicle? = Endomysium.

Question 3 of 40

Question 4 of 40

What is a fasicle made up of? = Myocytes.

Question 4 of 40

Question 5 of 40

What is he layer surrounding the myocytes? = Sarcolemma.

Question 5 of 40

Question 6 of 40

What is a myocyte made up of? = Myofibrils.

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Question 7 of 40

What surrounds the myocyte? = Sarcelemma.

Question 7 of 40

Question 8 of 40

What is the myofibril made up of? (4) = 2 discs, A band (dark), I band (light), sarcomeres.

Question 8 of 40

Question 9 of 40

What is the other name for myocyte? = Myofibre.

Question 9 of 40

Question 10 of 40

What is the cell cytoplasm within the myocyte? = Sarcoplasm.

Question 10 of 40

Question 11 of 40

What organelles do the myocytes have? (3) = Nuclei, mitochondria, fibroblasts.

Question 11 of 40

Question 12 of 40

What is the contractible units of the myofibril? = Sarcomeres.

Question 12 of 40

Question 13 of 40

What are its borders? = 2 discs.

Question 13 of 40

Question 14 of 40

Describe the bands that give muscle its striations? (name and colour) = 2 discs, A band (dark), I band (light), sarcomeres.

Question 14 of 40

Question 15 of 40

Which does the 3 disc locate in? = Light (I band).

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Question 16 of 40

What is between the myocyte and the endomysium? = Basement membrane.

Question 16 of 40

Question 17 of 40

What is the makeup of the endomysium / perimysium / epimysium? = Dense irregular connective tissue (endo is loose).

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Question 18 of 40

Where do the nuclei of the myocytes usually locate? = On the outside of the cells.

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Question 19 of 40

What are the capillaries? = In the endomysium.

Question 19 of 40

Question 20 of 40

Where are the arterioles? = Deep.

Question 20 of 40

Question 21 of 40

What connective tissue envelopes muscle? (outside epimysium) = Fascia (external fascia).

Question 21 of 40

Question 22 of 40

What are the partitions between muscle compartments? = Intermuscular septa.

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Question 23 of 40

What are the partitions between bone? = Interosseus membrane.

Question 23 of 40

Question 24 of 40

Together what are these known as? = Investing fascia.

Question 24 of 40

Question 25 of 40

How are compartments generally named? = What the muscles do e.g. dorsi flexor compartment.

Question 25 of 40

Question 26 of 40

What can reflect the function of veins and arteries, nerves? (muscle) = Muscles can expand and compress them (inflammation –ve).

Question 26 of 40

Question 27 of 40

What is hyperplasia? Do muscles undergo hyperplasia? = Increase in cell numbers. No.

Question 27 of 40

Question 28 of 40

How do muscles get bigger? = More myofibrils added to myocytes.

Question 28 of 40

Question 29 of 40

What increases during hypertrophy? = Number of myofibrils in myocytes.

Question 29 of 40

Question 30 of 40

What do anabolic steroids do? = Increase muscle mass with synthetic testosterone.

Question 30 of 40

Question 31 of 40

What are the side effects of steroids? = Hair loss, acne, liver failure, infertility.

Question 31 of 40

Question 32 of 40

What is the opposite of hypertrophy? = Atrophy.

Question 32 of 40

Question 33 of 40

When does this occur? (what happens?) = Disuse of muscles / paralysis.

Question 33 of 40

Question 34 of 40

Why does atrophy occur? = Decrease in myofibril numbers in myocytes.

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Question 35 of 40

What do you call the loss of myocytes? = Hypoplasia.

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Question 36 of 40

What is the syncytium of myoblasts? = Satellite cells.

Question 36 of 40

Question 37 of 40

What is the purpose of satellite cells? = Repair damage.

Question 37 of 40

Question 38 of 40

What are the functions of epi, peri and endomysium? (4) = Medium for blood vessels, prevent overstretch, distribute force, fetus development of muscle.

Question 38 of 40

Question 39 of 40

What proteins keep 2 discs in line? = Protein called desmin.

Question 39 of 40

Question 40 of 40

What connects the 2 lines of the outermost myofibrils to the sarcolemma? = Protein complex containing dystrophin.

Question 40 of 40