HomeCoursesMEDSCI 142: Organ SystemsLecture 34 Lecture 34 0% Question 1 of 44 What is unloaded cartilage? = Cartilage with no pressure exerted upon it by the articular joint. - Cartilage with no pressure exerted upon it by the articular joint. What is unloaded cartilage? = Cartilage with no pressure exerted upon it by the articular joint. - Cartilage with no pressure exerted upon it by the articular joint. Question 1 of 44Question 2 of 44 What do many proteoglycans complexes attract? (Negative charges attract) (3) : Potassium, Calcium, Sodium : Potassium, Calcium, Sodium What do many proteoglycans complexes attract? (Negative charges attract) (3) : Potassium, Calcium, Sodium : Potassium, Calcium, Sodium Question 2 of 44Question 3 of 44 What does this do? = Draws ions into cartilage. What does this do? = Draws ions into cartilage.Question 3 of 44Question 4 of 44 What does an increase of ions do? (3) = Draws water, O2, nutrients. What does an increase of ions do? (3) = Draws water, O2, nutrients. Question 4 of 44Question 5 of 44 Is this hydrophilic or hydrophobic? = Hydrophilli. Is this hydrophilic or hydrophobic? = Hydrophilli. Question 5 of 44Question 6 of 44 What happens with the cartilage with the influx of water? = Swells. What happens with the cartilage with the influx of water? = Swells. Question 6 of 44Question 7 of 44 What does this do to the collagen within the cartilage? = Puts it under tension. What does this do to the collagen within the cartilage? = Puts it under tension. Question 7 of 44Question 8 of 44 What happens when swelling force is equal to tension force? = Stops swelling. What happens when swelling force is equal to tension force? = Stops swelling.Question 8 of 44Question 9 of 44 What is this (state) known as? = Unloaded equilibrium. What is this (state) known as? = Unloaded equilibrium. Question 9 of 44Question 10 of 44 What does a load introduced onto the cartilage do initially? = Ions + H2O leave cartilage into joint (& waste CO2). What does a load introduced onto the cartilage do initially? = Ions + H2O leave cartilage into joint (& waste CO2). Question 10 of 44Question 11 of 44 What is the result of outflow of water, calcium and potassium ions? = Shrinking cartilage. What is the result of outflow of water, calcium and potassium ions? = Shrinking cartilage.Question 11 of 44Question 12 of 44 What does the ↓ H2O do to the volume of cartilage? = Shrinking cartilage. What does the ↓ H2O do to the volume of cartilage? = Shrinking cartilage.Question 12 of 44Question 13 of 44 What is this known as? = Creep. What is this known as? = Creep. Question 13 of 44Question 14 of 44 What supports the introduced load? (2) = Repulsion of negative charges in proteoglycans, solid cartridge. What supports the introduced load? (2) = Repulsion of negative charges in proteoglycans, solid cartridge. Question 14 of 44Question 15 of 44 What are the mobile fluid components? = Ca2+, K+, H2O, nutrients, O2, Na+. What are the mobile fluid components? = Ca2+, K+, H2O, nutrients, O2, Na+. Question 15 of 44Question 16 of 44 What happens to cartilage that is frequently compressed / decompressed? : Waste out, nutrients in : (healthy cartilage). What happens to cartilage that is frequently compressed / decompressed? : Waste out, nutrients in : (healthy cartilage). Question 16 of 44Question 17 of 44 Why? = No blood vessels, nutrients. Why? = No blood vessels, nutrients. Question 17 of 44Question 18 of 44 What is a property of Hyaluronic Acid? = Attracts water. What is a property of Hyaluronic Acid? = Attracts water. Question 18 of 44Question 19 of 44 What help does this offer to a developing fetus? = Protection from occlusion of the umbilical cord. What help does this offer to a developing fetus? = Protection from occlusion of the umbilical cord.Question 19 of 44Question 20 of 44 What surrounds all synovial joints? = Synovial capsule. What surrounds all synovial joints? = Synovial capsule. Question 20 of 44Question 21 of 44 What layers of articular capsule? (2) = Fibrous layer, synovial membrane. What layers of articular capsule? (2) = Fibrous layer, synovial membrane. Question 21 of 44Question 22 of 44 What is the capsule often reinforced by? = Ligaments. What is the capsule often reinforced by? = Ligaments. Question 22 of 44Question 23 of 44 What is the fibrous layer made of? (2) = Regular and irregular dense connective tissue. What is the fibrous layer made of? (2) = Regular and irregular dense connective tissue. Question 23 of 44Question 24 of 44 What are thickenings of the fibrous layer called? = Capsular ligaments. What are thickenings of the fibrous layer called? = Capsular ligaments. Question 24 of 44Question 25 of 44 What does the fibrous layer blend with at the bone? = Periosteum. What does the fibrous layer blend with at the bone? = Periosteum. Question 25 of 44Question 26 of 44 What cells are in the fibrous layer? = Fibroblasts. What cells are in the fibrous layer? = Fibroblasts. Question 26 of 44Question 27 of 44 What nerves are in the fibrous layer? (2) = Nociceptors / proprioceptors. What nerves are in the fibrous layer? (2) = Nociceptors / proprioceptors. Question 27 of 44Question 28 of 44 Why do fibrous layers take a long time to heal? = Limited vascular system. Why do fibrous layers take a long time to heal? = Limited vascular system. Question 28 of 44Question 29 of 44 What does the synovial membrane line? = Everything except articular cartilage. What does the synovial membrane line? = Everything except articular cartilage. Question 29 of 44Question 30 of 44 What are the layers of the synovial membrane? (2) = Intima, subintima. What are the layers of the synovial membrane? (2) = Intima, subintima.Question 30 of 44Question 31 of 44 What cells are in the subintima? (3) = Fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophytes. What cells are in the subintima? (3) = Fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophytes. Question 31 of 44Question 32 of 44 Where does synovial fluid come from? = Blood plastma (ultra iltrate). Where does synovial fluid come from? = Blood plastma (ultra iltrate). Question 32 of 44Question 33 of 44 What cells make the intima? = Synoviocytes. What cells make the intima? = Synoviocytes. Question 33 of 44Question 34 of 44 What do they secrete? = Hyaluronic acid & extra. What do they secrete? = Hyaluronic acid & extra. Question 34 of 44Question 35 of 44 What is in joint cavities? = Synovial fluid & villi. What is in joint cavities? = Synovial fluid & villi. Question 35 of 44Question 36 of 44 What does muscle do? = Converts ATP → kinetic energy. What does muscle do? = Converts ATP → kinetic energy.Question 36 of 44Question 37 of 44 What are the main functions of muscle? (5) = Movement, communication, stability, sphincter, heat. What are the main functions of muscle? (5) = Movement, communication, stability, sphincter, heat. Question 37 of 44Question 38 of 44 How much heat comes from skeletal muscle? = 85%. How much heat comes from skeletal muscle? = 85%. Question 38 of 44Question 39 of 44 How much heat can shivering generate in comparison? = 4 x. How much heat can shivering generate in comparison? = 4 x. Question 39 of 44Question 40 of 44 What is the function where muscle - tendon? = Myotendious junction (mtj). What is the function where muscle - tendon? = Myotendious junction (mtj). Question 40 of 44Question 41 of 44 What is the junction where tendon - bone? = Osteotendinors junction (otj). What is the junction where tendon - bone? = Osteotendinors junction (otj). Question 41 of 44Question 42 of 44 Which attachment moves the most? = Insertion (usually). Which attachment moves the most? = Insertion (usually). Question 42 of 44Question 43 of 44 Which attachment moves the least? = Origin. Which attachment moves the least? = Origin. Question 43 of 44Question 44 of 44 Which is closest to the axial skeleton? = Origin. Which is closest to the axial skeleton? = Origin. Question 44 of 44 Loading...