Lecture 33

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Question 1 of 38

How doesan osteoclast get around the different parts of the bone? = Through blood vessels (venules).

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Question 2 of 38

How fast do they bore tunnels? = 1mm / 20 days.

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Question 3 of 38

What are the two cones in the formation of secondary osteons? = Cutting / closing.

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Question 4 of 38

Describe the steps in the formation of secondary osteons? (3) = Macrophages absorb bone in a channel > Osteoblasts lay down osteoid > Osteogenic cells form resting endosteum.

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Question 5 of 38

How long do we have woven bone for? = Until ~ 3 years old.

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Question 6 of 38

What are the organs of the skeleton? = Bones.

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Question 7 of 38

What is a joint on articulation? = A point at which 2 bones interconnect.

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Question 8 of 38

What are the functions of joints? (3) = Movement, force transmission, growth.

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Question 9 of 38

What are the categories of joints? = Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis.

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Question 10 of 38

What is ankyloses? = When joints fuse and disappear.

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Question 11 of 38

Give example of synarthrosis joint? = Skull suture.

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Question 12 of 38

Give example of amphiarthrosis joint. = Vertebral column

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Question 13 of 38

Give example of diarthrosis joint. = Synovial joints.

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Question 14 of 38

Compare the stability / movement of a diarthrosis joint to a synarthrosis joint? = A diarthrotic joint has less stability but more movement. A synarthrotic joint has more stability and is nearly or completely immobile

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Question 15 of 38

Where are the common location for synarthrosis and amphiarthrosis. = Axial skeleton.

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Question 16 of 38

Where are the common location for diarthrosis? = Appendicular skeleton.

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Question 17 of 38

What are the 4 common features of all synovial joints/ = Articular cartilage, synovial fluid, articular synovial capsule, joint cavity.

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Question 18 of 38

What are the two components of extracellular canatric in cartilage? = Ground substance / fibres (type II).

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Question 19 of 38

What makes up the ground substance? (3) = Water, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans.

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Question 20 of 38

What are the three forces acting upon cartilage? = Shear, compression, expansion.

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Question 21 of 38

What are the superficial zones in cartilage? = Surface, middle, deep.

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Question 22 of 38

What are the levels of PG in surface zone? = Low.

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Question 23 of 38

What do the collagen fibres layout look like? = Dense / parallel.

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Question 24 of 38

Describe PG content of deep / middle zones? = Deep = high, med = mid.

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Question 25 of 38

Describe collagen differences between middle and deep zones? = Mid = 45o angled, deep = perpendicular to shear (parallel to comp).

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Question 26 of 38

What mark is interior to deep zone? = Tide mark.

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Question 27 of 38

What is below the tide mark? = Calcified cartilage.

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Question 28 of 38

What is beneath the calcified cartilage? (2 names) = Osteochondral junction / cement line.

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Question 29 of 38

What is not in cartilage? (3) = Blood vessels, nerves, lymph.

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Question 30 of 38

What is the content of calcified cartilage? = Hydroxy apatite.

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Question 31 of 38

What is the purpose of calcified cartilage? = Reduce shear load on cement line (acts as a buffer).

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Question 32 of 38

What do two monosaccharides make? = Dissacharide.

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Question 33 of 38

What does a repeating disaccharide make? = Glycosaminoglycan.

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Question 34 of 38

What do many glycosaminoglycans make? (… a protein) = Proteoglycan.

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Question 35 of 38

What are examples of glycosaminoglycan? = Chondroitin, keratin sulfate.

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Question 36 of 38

What is example of proteoglycan? = Aggrecan.

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Question 37 of 38

What can many proteoglycans attach to? = Long hyaluronic acid chain.

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Question 38 of 38

What do you call many proteoglycans attached to a long hyaluronic acid chain? = Large proteoglycan complex.

Question 38 of 38