Lecture 24

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Question 1 of 33

What is minimum volume of tidal volume? = 500ml.

Question 1 of 33

Question 2 of 33

When is the pressure intrapleural and Pcw at equilibrium? = Expired rest.

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Question 3 of 33

Draw pressure – volume relation graphs (x 3) = Later.

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Question 4 of 33

How do skeletal muscles affect air flow? = Muscular effort changes volume of cavity ---> the lungs.

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Question 5 of 33

What different ways do lung characteristics affect air change? (4) = Compliance/stiffness, resistance/conductance, dead space, diffusion.

Question 5 of 33

Question 6 of 33

What is compliance? = Distensibility of the lungs.

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Question 7 of 33

What is the opposite of compliance? = Stiffness.

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Question 8 of 33

What is resistance? = The restriction of flow due to radius.

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Question 9 of 33

What is the opposite of resistance? = Conductance.

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Question 10 of 33

Why does volume not increase with pressure at the beginning of inhalation? = Surface tension within alveoli must be overcome.

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Question 11 of 33

What is the formula for compliance? = (triangle) / V / (triangle)P.

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Question 12 of 33

Why are air filled lungs less compliant than saline filled lungs? = Saline negates surface tension.

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Question 13 of 33

What is the relation of R (resistance) to airway radius (r)? = R = r4.

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Question 14 of 33

Which airways have the smallest resistance? = Smaller bronchioles.

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Question 15 of 33

Where is R greatest? = Segmented bronchi.

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Question 16 of 33

What is anatomic dead space? (VD)? = Air retained in mouth, nose, trachea.

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Question 17 of 33

How many times do the airways branch in the conducting zone? = 15-19.

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Question 18 of 33

How many times do the airways branch in the respiratory zone? = 20-28.

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Question 19 of 33

What is the ~VD at rest? = 150mL.

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Question 20 of 33

What % of tidal volume (VT) is dead space? = 30% of Vr.

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Question 21 of 33

What effect does dead space have on respiration? = Dilutes inspired air.

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Question 22 of 33

What functions affect rate of volume change? (4) = Partial pressure, area of membrance, thickness of membrane, molecular weight.

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Question 23 of 33

What is respiratory distress syndrome? = When newborn has trouble inhaling due to infefficient surfactant.

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Question 24 of 33

What reduces surface tension in the alveolus? = Surfactant.

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Question 25 of 33

What is emphysema? = Difficulty in expiration due to alveoli collapse.

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Question 26 of 33

How does smoking contribute to emphysema? = Destroys peribronchial tissue (smooth muscle between tubules that hold alveoli open.

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Question 27 of 33

Are the lungs more or less compliant in emphysema? = More.

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Question 28 of 33

What increases over time with emphysema? = FRC, chest size.

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Question 29 of 33

What is asthma? = Bronchiole constriction.

Question 29 of 33

Question 30 of 33

What are its causes? = Sensitive smooth muscle / thicker smooth muscle.

Question 30 of 33

Question 31 of 33

What is pulmonary edema? = Fluid retained in lung tissue.

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Question 32 of 33

How does it affect lung function? = Increased diffusion distance ---> decreased gas exchange.

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Question 33 of 33

What is staphylococcus pneumonia? = increase

Question 33 of 33