Lecture 17

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Question 1 of 38

What is the function of the testes? (2) =Produce gametes, sex hormones.

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Question 2 of 38

What is the function of the testes ducts? (3) =Storage, maturation, synthesise and transport gametes.

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Question 3 of 38

What are the different ducts? (4) =Urethral, prostatic, vans deferens, seminal, epididymis.

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Question 4 of 38

What are the accessory sex glands? (3) =Prostrate, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands.

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Question 5 of 38

What are the fluids of the accessory sex glands? (3) =Seminal fluid, prostatic fluid, mucous.

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Question 6 of 38

How is temperature maintained 2-3oC below body temp? =Scrotum is away from body (external pouch).

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Question 7 of 38

What are the muscles of the scrotum? (2) =Dartos, cremaster muscle.

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Question 8 of 38

What are their responses to cold? (2) =Contract – the dartos constrict the skin, the cremaster draws testis to body.

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Question 9 of 38

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Question 10 of 38

What is the serous membrane covering the testes? =Tunica vagilanis.

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Question 11 of 38

What are the two cells of the seminiferous tubules? (2) =Sertoli, gonadogenesis (stem) cells (spermatogonica).

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Question 12 of 38

Which form the blood-testis barrier? =Sertoli.

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Question 13 of 38

What are the names for the different phases of sperm cell development? (5) =Stem cell – p rimary spermocytes, secondary spermocytes, spermatid – sperm.

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Question 14 of 38

Which undergo mitosis? Why does one daughter stay undifferentiated? =Stem cell – to populate reservoir of stem cells.

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Question 15 of 38

How many chromosomes does a primary spermatocyte have? =46.

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Question 16 of 38

How are secondary spermocytes formed? =Meiosis 1.

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Question 17 of 38

What do secondary spermocytes undergoing meiosis II form? =8 x spermatids.

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Question 18 of 38

What are some anatomical features of spermatozoa? (4) =Tail (principle piece (end piece), middle piece, neck, acrosome, nucleus, mitochondria.

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Question 19 of 38

What is the acrosome and what does it do? =Small capsule covering 2/3 of head of sperm contains enzymes to facilitate entrance into oocyte.

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Question 21 of 38

What is the function of LH? =Stimulates testosterone release.

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Question 22 of 38

What is the function of FSH? =Gonadogenesis. Stimulate ABP release.

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Question 24 of 38

Which cells release inhibin? =Sertoli.

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Question 26 of 38

Name leydig and sertoli cell secretions and their functions? =Leydig: Testosterone (spermatogenesis, secondary development). Sertoli: ABP and Inhibin (spermatogenesis)

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Question 27 of 38

What are the causes of male infertility? (3) =STD’s, smoking, age (oligospermia: few, azoospermia: none, teratospermia: can’t swim).

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Question 28 of 38

Where does mitosis take place? =Basal compartment of the seminiferous tubules by spermatagonia.

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Question 29 of 38

Where does meiosis take place? =Adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubules.

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Question 30 of 38

What separates the basal and adluminal compartments? =Sertoli cells (blood / testis barrier).

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Question 31 of 38

Where are leydig cells located? =In the testis (interstitial tissue).

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Question 32 of 38

What are secondary sexual characteristics? (SSC) =Hair growth, balding, muscle, behaviour, genital maturation, bone.

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Question 33 of 38

What hormone stimulates the development of SSC? =Dihyrotestosterone.

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Question 34 of 38

What protein does FSH stimulate the sertoli cells to produce? =ABP.

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Question 35 of 38

How does this protein act upon testosterone? (2) =Binds to it to increase blood levels of testosterone.

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Question 36 of 38

What is the effect of testosterone on sertoli cells? =Testosterone inhibin.

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Question 37 of 38

What down regulates gonadotrophins in the pituitary and GnRH in hypothalamus? =Kiss peptin.

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Question 38 of 38

What regulates GnRH of hypothalamic neurosecretory cells? =

Question 38 of 38