Lecture 16

 0%

Question 1 of 22

What are the major causes of infertility? (4) =Smoking, obesity, age, std’s (chlamidia).

Question 1 of 22

Question 2 of 22

What are two assisted Reproductive Techniques? =IVF (invitro fertilisation), ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection).

Question 2 of 22

Question 3 of 22

How many sperm does a male produce each day? =300,000,000.

Question 3 of 22

Question 4 of 22

How many sperm does a male produce each day? Compare the duration of fertility between males and females? Compare size of sperm and eggs. =300,000,000. Males: puberty - 80+, females: puberty to 46 Sperm: smallest cell in body, Egg: largest cell in the body. Sperm is 1/175000th size of

Question 4 of 22

Question 5 of 22

What are the functions of the gonads? (2) =Produce sex hormones and sex cells.

Question 5 of 22

Question 6 of 22

List water / lipid soluble hormones. =Water: adrenaline, norepinephrine, epinephrine, FSH, LH, GnRH. Lipid: steroids, glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids

Question 6 of 22

Question 7 of 22

List androgens, oestrogens and progestogens (steroid hormones). =Androgens: Testosterone, dihydrotestostrone. Oestrogens: oestradiol, oestriol, oestrone. Progestogens: progesterone

Question 7 of 22

Question 8 of 22

What is a purpose of the H-P-G pathway? Why not H-G? =Hypothalamus releases GnRH. Pituitary releases FSH, LH, Oxytocin from hypothalamus (pos), gonads release androgens/oestrogens (gonadotropins). H-P-G amplifies the level of hormone in the blood.

Question 8 of 22

Question 9 of 22

What does the hypothalamus regulate? (What human abilities?) (Physiological functions)=Maturation of organism through androgens/oestrogens (gonadotropins). (Reproduction, stress, hunger, sleep, thirst, temperature)

Question 9 of 22

Question 10 of 22

What is the neurohypophysis? =Posterior pituitary gland.

Question 10 of 22

Question 11 of 22

Compare neuro and neurosecretory neurones. =Neurons convey an electrical stimulus that causes a chemical interaction between neurons that continues the electrical pulse to effector organs. Neurosecretory neurons have this ability, plus the ability to synthesise and secrete hormones (neurosecretory peptide hormones).

Question 11 of 22

Question 12 of 22

What are the neurosecretory peptide hormones? =Oxytocin, Antidiuretic Hormone.

Question 12 of 22

Question 13 of 22

Where are they synthesised, stored and how are they released?=Synthesised in hypothalamus, travel down axons to be stored in secretory vesicles.

Question 13 of 22

Question 14 of 22

What are the functions of oxytocin? =Bonding, milk secretion, uterus contractor. Stimulated by nipples/uterine dist.

Question 14 of 22

Question 15 of 22

Question 15 of 22

Question 16 of 22

What do release and inhibitory hormones act upon? =Anterior pituitary secretory cells.

Question 16 of 22

Question 17 of 22

What is the pulsatile release of hypothalamic secretions? =The hypothalamus releases GRH in pulses 1 – 2 hours between release to prevent desensitising.

Question 17 of 22

Question 18 of 22

Compare function of FSH and LH between males and females. =Male: FSH - gametogenesis, LH - Testosterone production. Female: FSH - follicle development, LH - stimulates ovulation

Question 18 of 22

Question 19 of 22

What are the functions of testosterone? =Embryonic development, puberty, behaviour, muscles.

Question 19 of 22

Question 20 of 22

What are the types of oestrogens? =Ostradiol, oestriol, oesterone.

Question 20 of 22

Question 21 of 22

What are the main functions of oestrogen? =Embryonic development, period, bones, oogenesis, secondary characteristics

Question 21 of 22

Question 22 of 22

What are the functions of progesterone? =Thickens endometrium prior to pregnancy

Question 22 of 22