Lecture 15

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Question 1 of 16

What inactivates cAMP? to restore normality in a cell?
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Enzyme inactivates cAMP.

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Question 2 of 16

Fill blanks to describe sympathetic / parasympathetic systems: F_____ or F_____ / R _____ and D _____.
Fight or flight / rest and digest.

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Question 3 of 16

What is the difference between visceral effector nerves and hormone response?
Visceral nerves directly stimulate effector organs (eg heart) whereas hormones are released as a response to visceral stimulation into the bloodstream, stimulating effector organs more.

Question 3 of 16

Question 4 of 16

What does cortisol do?
Rebuilds damaged bone and tissue after alarm response, reduced immunity.

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Question 5 of 16

What does adrenal medulla secrete? =Epin / norepi.

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Question 6 of 16

What does adrenal cortex secrete? =Cortisol.

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Question 7 of 16

What are the advantages of visceral effector nerve response and adrenal medulla hormone response? =Nerves = instant. Hormones = sustained.

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Question 8 of 16

What are the problems of over stimulation of sympathetic / cortisol? =Heart, blood vessels, brain, digestion, immunity, behaviour, perception.

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Question 9 of 16

How do you reduce mega stress? =Slow deep breaths – exhale longer than inhale.

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Question 10 of 16

What is sinus arrhythmia? =The effect that rate of breath has on heart rate.

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Question 11 of 16

What happens to reflexes if there is an UMN lesion? =Jerky, uncontrolled (spastic paralysis) – reflexes.

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Question 12 of 16

What happens with limbs if there is a lesion in LMN? =Flaccid (flaccid paralysis) – no reflexes.

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Question 13 of 16

What type of movements is the pyramidal system (UMN) capable of?
Big fast movements (coarse).

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Question 14 of 16

What does the basal ganglia do to these movements? =Refine, smooth, precision, sensitivity.

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Question 15 of 16

Describe the effects of too little / too much dopamine? =Too little = rigidity / tremors / wooden face / inability to initiate movement. Too much = depression, schizophrenia, risk taking.

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Question 16 of 16

What are the surgical treatments for Parkinson’s Disease? =Pallidectomy, deep brain stem, leuodopen, carbidopo, binemet, levodopa.

Question 16 of 16