HomeCoursesMEDSCI 202: Microbiology and ImmunologyLecture 11 Lecture 11 Question 1 of 49 What was the mortality rate of TB 100 years ago?= 20% What was the mortality rate of TB 100 years ago?= 20% Question 1 of 49Question 2 of 49 How did TB used to be considered? (3)= "Not contagious, respectable people infected, not bad symptoms" How did TB used to be considered? (3)= "Not contagious, respectable people infected, not bad symptoms" Question 2 of 49Question 3 of 49 Who identified the infectiousness of TB?= Jean Antoine Villemin Who identified the infectiousness of TB?= Jean Antoine Villemin Question 3 of 49Question 4 of 49 Who discovered mycobacterium tuberculosis? Robert KochWho discovered mycobacterium tuberculosis?== Robert Koch Question 4 of 49Question 5 of 49 What are characteristics of MTb? (5) "Lipid cell wall, acid fast bacilli, slow growing, resistant to antibiotics, lives in macrophages"What are characteristics of MTb? (5)== "Lipid cell wall, acid fast bacilli, slow growing, resistant to antibiotics, lives in macrophages" Question 5 of 49Question 6 of 49 How many TB infections every year? 2BHow many TB infections every year?== 2B Question 6 of 49Question 7 of 49 How many deaths around the world are attributed to TB? 1.5MHow many deaths around the world are attributed to TB?== 1.5M Question 7 of 49Question 8 of 49 Which countries are especially susceptible to death by TB? (5) "India, Indonesia, China, Philippines, Pakistan"Which countries are especially susceptible to death by TB? (5)== "India, Indonesia, China, Philippines, Pakistan" Question 8 of 49Question 9 of 49 How does HIV relate to TB? HIV patients 20X more likely to develop TBHow does HIV relate to TB?== HIV patients 20X more likely to develop TB Question 9 of 49Question 10 of 49 How many cases of TB each year in NZ? 300How many cases of TB each year in NZ?== 300 Question 10 of 49Question 11 of 49 How do people come to be diagnosed with TB? (3) "Symptomatic case, immigrant screening, contact tracing"How do people come to be diagnosed with TB? (3)== "Symptomatic case, immigrant screening, contact tracing" Question 11 of 49Question 12 of 49 What is the major age group where TB affects NZrs? 15-40What is the major age group where TB affects NZrs?== 15-40 Question 12 of 49Question 13 of 49 Where in NZ are the most TB cases? "Central North Island, Auckland"Where in NZ are the most TB cases?== "Central North Island, Auckland" Question 13 of 49Question 14 of 49 What are the risk factors for NZrs contracting TB? (4) "Born outside NZ, living with person born outside NZ, contact with confirmed case, immumnosuppresive illness"What are the risk factors for NZrs contracting TB? (4)== "Born outside NZ, living with person born outside NZ, contact with confirmed case, immumnosuppresive illness" Question 14 of 49Question 15 of 49 Which ethnicity has the highest cases of TB? AsianWhich ethnicity has the highest cases of TB? ==Asian Question 15 of 49Question 16 of 49 When are the major periods of length of stay in NZ before TB is diagnosed? (2)= "1-2 years, 20+ years" When are the major periods of length of stay in NZ before TB is diagnosed? (2)= "1-2 years, 20+ years" Question 16 of 49Question 17 of 49 How is Tb transmitted? Bacilli inhaled as dropletHow is Tb transmitted?== Bacilli inhaled as droplet Question 17 of 49Question 18 of 49 What is the main dose for infection? 5 bailliWhat is the main dose for infection?== 5 bailli Question 18 of 49Question 19 of 49 Were do the droplets settle in a host?==Alveolus Question 19 of 49Question 20 of 49 How do macrophages control M. tb? (2) "Engulf M. tb, form granulomas"How do macrophages control M. tb? (2)== "Engulf M. tb, form granulomas" Question 20 of 49Question 21 of 49 What is the difficult part of diagnosing M.tb? Most infections are asymptomaticWhat is the difficult part of diagnosing M.tb? ==Most infections are asymptomatic Question 21 of 49Question 22 of 49 What is the sympom quartet of TB? (4)== "Weight loss, night sweats, fever, malaise" Question 22 of 49Question 23 of 49 What are the symptoms of progressing TB infections? "Chest pains, bloody cough"What are the symptoms of progressing TB infections? == "Chest pains, bloody cough" Question 23 of 49Question 24 of 49 What is the mortality rate of untreated TB?= =50% What is the mortality rate of untreated TB?= =50% Question 24 of 49Question 25 of 49 What is the course of TB disease progression? (3) "Infection (innate immunity, Containment (primary disease, asymptomatic, adaptive immunity), Breakdown (reactivation of disease)"What is the course of TB disease progression? (3)== "Infection (innate immunity, Containment (primary disease, asymptomatic, adaptive immunity), Breakdown (reactivation of disease)" Question 25 of 49Question 26 of 49 How was the original vaccine derived? From bovine tuberculosis isolateHow was the original vaccine derived?== From bovine tuberculosis isolate Question 26 of 49Question 27 of 49 What is the efficacy for BCG (M. bovis Bacille Calmette Guerin)? == "0-80% only effective during childhood, risk of infection in HIV infected infants" Question 27 of 49Question 28 of 49 What is the type of test determined by? (2) "Reason for testing (symptoms, contact), resources available"What is the type of test determined by? (2)== "Reason for testing (symptoms, contact), resources available" Question 28 of 49Question 29 of 49 What is a cheap way to diagnose TB? Chest x-rayWhat is a cheap way to diagnose TB? ==Chest x-ray Question 29 of 49Question 30 of 49 How can M. tb be identified from sputum? Ziehl-Neelsen stainHow can M. tb be identified from sputum?== Ziehl-Neelsen stain Question 30 of 49Question 31 of 49 How does the Ziehl-Neelsen stain work? (3) "Carbol fuchsin (red) in phen set with heat, decolourised, counter stain methylene blue (acid fast)"How does the Ziehl-Neelsen stain work? (3)== "Carbol fuchsin (red) in phen set with heat, decolourised, counter stain methylene blue (acid fast)" Question 31 of 49Question 32 of 49 What does Gene expert/PCR detect? (2)= ="Organism, resistance markers" What does Gene expert/PCR detect? (2)= ="Organism, resistance markers" Question 32 of 49Question 33 of 49 How do blood tests identify TB? Detects release of interferon by lymphocytes (sensitised lymphocytes)How do blood tests identify TB?== Detects release of interferon by lymphocytes (sensitised lymphocytes) Question 33 of 49Question 34 of 49 Can a blood intereron test distinguish between latent infection and disease? NopeCan a blood intereron test distinguish between latent infection and disease? == Nope Question 34 of 49Question 35 of 49 How does a Mantoux test work? (3) "Injection of tuberculin (cell wall extract of Mtb) into dermis, sensitised lymphocytes migrate to site and release interferon, swelling develops and is measured"How does a Mantoux test work?== (3) "Injection of tuberculin (cell wall extract of Mtb) into dermis, sensitised lymphocytes migrate to site and release interferon, swelling develops and is measured" Question 35 of 49Question 36 of 49 What is a problem with the Mantoux test? Those BCG vaccinated people will have of +ve MantouxWhat is a problem with the Mantoux test?== Those BCG vaccinated people will have of +ve Mantoux Question 36 of 49Question 37 of 49 What is the quantiferon gold test? "Quantiferon antigen (only in Mtb) assayed with venous blood, incubate for 3 days, lymphocytes exposed to Mtb release interferon Y"What is the quantiferon gold test?== "Quantiferon antigen (only in Mtb) assayed with venous blood, incubate for 3 days, lymphocytes exposed to Mtb release interferon Y" Question 37 of 49Question 38 of 49 What is the treatment for TB in the first 2 months? (4) "Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol"What is the treatment for TB in the first 2 months? (4)== "Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol" Question 38 of 49Question 39 of 49 What is the treatment for TB in the following 4 months? (2) "Isoniazid, rifampicin"What is the treatment for TB in the following 4 months? (2)== "Isoniazid, rifampicin" Question 39 of 49Question 40 of 49 What are the minor side effects of TB drugs? (6)= ="Rash, red urine, burning feet, nausea, abdominal pain, joint pain" What are the minor side effects of TB drugs? (6)= ="Rash, red urine, burning feet, nausea, abdominal pain, joint pain" Question 40 of 49Question 41 of 49 What is DOTS? "For short course treatments, patient is observed to confirm they are taking the drugs"What is DOTS?== "For short course treatments, patient is observed to confirm they are taking the drugs" Question 41 of 49Question 42 of 49 What are the major side effects for TB drugs? (4) "Deafness, Jaundice, Vision impairment, Shock"What are the major side effects for TB drugs? (4)== "Deafness, Jaundice, Vision impairment, Shock" Question 42 of 49Question 43 of 49 Which drugs are TB resistant to? (@) "Isoniazid, rifampicin"Which drugs are TB resistant to? (@)== "Isoniazid, rifampicin" Question 43 of 49Question 44 of 49 Which countries have the major burden of MDR? (3) "India, China, Russia"Which countries have the major burden of MDR? (3)== "India, China, Russia" Question 44 of 49Question 45 of 49 What happens to treatment of MDR TB? (2) "Pyrazinimide, one from group A, one from group B, two from group C"What happens to treatment of MDR TB? (2)== "Pyrazinimide, one from group A, one from group B, two from group C" Question 45 of 49Question 46 of 49 What is the result of XDR TB "Resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, flouroquinolone, one group B"What is the result of XDR TB =="Resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, flouroquinolone, one group B" Question 46 of 49Question 47 of 49 What % of NZ TB are susceptible (not resistant)? 85%What % of NZ TB are susceptible (not resistant)?== 85% Question 47 of 49Question 48 of 49 What does control of TB require? "Eliminate poverty, animal TB, infectious patients, better diagnosis, faster drug treatment with more tolerable drugs"What does control of TB require?== "Eliminate poverty, animal TB, infectious patients, better diagnosis, faster drug treatment with more tolerable drugs" Question 48 of 49Question 49 of 49 What is TDR TB? Totally drug resistantWhat is TDR TB? ==Totally drug resistantQuestion 49 of 49 Loading...
