Lecture 18

 0%

Question 1 of 37

1. What is a cryptorchidism? = Crypt = hidden. Orchid = testes. This condition refers to where the testicles haven’t descended down the iguinal canal during gestation. Surgery can repair but if not dealt with, the male will become infertile.

Question 1 of 37

Question 2 of 37

2. Where are the sperm formed? = Seminiferous tubules.

Question 2 of 37

Question 3 of 37

3. Where do the seminiferous tubules meet and join into one tubule? = At the rete testes

Question 3 of 37

Question 4 of 37

Where do the sperm go from the rete testis? = Epididymis tubule.

Question 4 of 37

Question 5 of 37

What happens to the sperm in the epididymis? (2) (abilities) = Gains ability to be mobile and fertilise the egg.

Question 5 of 37

Question 6 of 37

Where to next? = Into the vans deferens.

Question 6 of 37

Question 7 of 37

Describe the route of the vans deferens and connecting ducts. = Up and around the bladder, down to join the ampulla and then through prostate, joining the urethra, prostatic duct and urinary duct.

Question 7 of 37

Question 8 of 37

8?

Question 8 of 37

Question 9 of 37

What happens to the fluid in the epididymis? = Epididymis drains the fluid to concentrate sperm in fluid.

Question 9 of 37

Question 10 of 37

How long is the vans deferens? = 45cm.

Question 10 of 37

Question 11 of 37

What is the function of the ampulla at ductus vans deferens. = Storage of sperm for ejaculation.

Question 11 of 37

Question 12 of 37

What structures empty into the urethra? (4) = Prostatic duct, seminal vesicles, bladder, vans deferens, urinary duct.

Question 12 of 37

Question 13 of 37

What are the seminal vesicles? = Glands that secrete seminal fluid.

Question 13 of 37

Question 14 of 37

What is the nature of the pH of fluid excreted by the seminal vesicles? = Alkaline 8.5 pH (after sperm).

Question 14 of 37

Question 15 of 37

What things are in the seminal vesicles fluid? (3) = Fructose, prostoglandins, clotting proteins.

Question 15 of 37

Question 16 of 37

What function does the prostaglandius have on the female uterus? = Cause ct to contract to aid in movement of semen to egg.

Question 16 of 37

Question 17 of 37

What purpose does the clotting proteins serve for reproduction? = Creates coagulated fluid of semen to prevent it exiting uterus.

Question 17 of 37

Question 18 of 37

What does the prostrate secrete and when? What does the prostatic fluid contain? = PSA - anti coagulant, citrate, calcium phosphate.

Question 18 of 37

Question 19 of 37

What neutralises the pH of the prostatic fluid? = Seminal fluid (8.5 pH).

Question 19 of 37

Question 20 of 37

What are the percentages of fluids in semen? = 30% prostratic, 60% seminal, 10% sperm.

Question 20 of 37

Question 21 of 37

What is the pH of semen? = 7.8.

Question 21 of 37

Question 22 of 37

What is the purpose of the anti coagulant in prostatic fluid? = Allow sperm to continue swimming.

Question 22 of 37

Question 23 of 37

What is the average volume of human ejaculate? = 2.5 – 5ml.

Question 23 of 37

Question 24 of 37

What is the average sperm count for ejaculate? = 20 – 30,000,000.

Question 24 of 37

Question 25 of 37

What is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). = Abnormal enlargement of prostrate through excessive growth.

Question 25 of 37

Question 26 of 37

What is the effect of excessive prostatic growth? = Impedes flow of urine through urethra – infection.

Question 26 of 37

Question 27 of 37

What is a symptom of urethra occlusion. = Difficulty in voiding bladder.

Question 27 of 37

Question 28 of 37

What is its result? = Urinary infection, kidney infection, weak bladder.

Question 28 of 37

Question 29 of 37

What are the medicinal treatments for BPH? (2) = Medicate with Finasteride and Dutasteroid DHT inhibits.

Question 29 of 37

Question 30 of 37

How do they affect the prostrate? = Slow or even reverse growth by inhibiting the precursor of DHT.

Question 30 of 37

Question 31 of 37

How does prostrate cancer affect men – worldwide, USA, how many men? = Biggest cause of cancer death in men, 2nd biggest cancer in US, 30% cancer in men.

Question 31 of 37

Question 32 of 37

How many men who die, having prostrate cancer, knew they had it? = 67% of men die without knowing they had prostrate cancer.

Question 32 of 37

Question 33 of 37

What are the structures of the penis? (3) Functions? (3) = Corpora cavernosa, spongy urethra, corpus spongiosum.

Question 33 of 37

Question 34 of 37

What are the series of events that lead to erection of the penis? (3) = Release of NO and prostaglandin relaxes corpus cavernosa. Blood fills vessels of corpora cavernosa (8 x blood). Engorgement of corpora cavernosa reduces venous outflow.

Question 34 of 37

Question 35 of 37

What structure prevents the corpa cavenosa from occluding the urethra? = Corpus spongiosum.

Question 35 of 37

Question 36 of 37

How long do sperm spend in the epididymis? = 10-14 days.

Question 36 of 37

Question 37 of 37

What negative complications can follow prostatectomy? = 1% die (iatrogenic) / 20-80% cretin dysfunction / 4-20% incontinence.

Question 37 of 37