Lecture 3

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Question 1 of 47

Describe Exner’s area in terms of function and location?
Middle frontal gyrus – speech motors.

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Question 2 of 47

Describe the function and location of the frontal eye fields?
Middle frontal gyrus – move eye muscles.

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Question 3 of 47

Describe the function and location of Broca’s speech area?
Inferior frontal gyrus – speech planning.

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Question 4 of 47

Describe frontal cortex.?
Frontal Lobe – intelligence, planning, conscience, memory.

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Question 5 of 47

Describe primary auditory cortex?
Superior temporal lobe – tonic differentiation.

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Question 6 of 47

Describe primary auditory cortex?
Superior temporal lobe – tonic differentiation.

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Question 7 of 47

Describe Arcuate Fasciculus ?
From Wernicke’s to Broca’s. Connects interpretation and execution.

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Question 8 of 47

After a stroke someone cannot understand language; what part of the brain might have problems?
Wernicke’s

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Question 9 of 47

What is this disease referred to as?
Fluent aphasia.

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Question 10 of 47

Someone has trouble articulating speech, but comprehends fine, which area has problems?
Broca’s area.

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Question 11 of 47

What is this referred to as?
Non-fluent aphasia.

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Question 12 of 47

If someone can articulate and comprehend but cannot issue the appropriate response?
Non-fluent aphasia.

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Question 13 of 47

What is this referred to as?
Fluent aphasia.

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Question 14 of 47

What is the temporal association cortex related to?
Auditory perception / memory.

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Question 15 of 47

Describe function and location of SMGLA?
Interpretation of written language (reading) – parietal lobe.

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Question 16 of 47

Describe function and location of AGLA?
Writing – parietal lobe.

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Question 17 of 47

Describe function and location of Parietal Association Cortex?
Touch and somatic perception – parietal lobe.

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Question 18 of 47

Describe function and location of Primary Visual Cortex?
Occipital pole – vision.

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Question 19 of 47

Describe function and location of secondary/supplementary visual cortex?
Temporal lobe – memories, spatial awareness.

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Question 20 of 47

Which visual cortex is responsible for receiving visual sensory info?
Primary visual cortex.

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Question 21 of 47

Which visual cortex is responsible for interpreting visual sensory info?
Primary visual association cortex

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Question 22 of 47

Describe structure and function of the Non Dominant Hemisphere?
Adding emotion to speech.

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Question 23 of 47

What are the principal functions of the basal ganglia? (2)
Mood and movement.

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Question 24 of 47

What type of movements does the basal ganglia control? (2)
Initiate movement / fine motor control.

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Question 25 of 47

What separates the caudate nucleus from the putamen?
Internal capsule.

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Question 26 of 47

Which is the only basal ganglia structure that isn’t in the forebrain?
Substantia nigra.

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Question 27 of 47

Which is the only basal ganglia structure that isn’t in the forebrain?
Substantia nigra.

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Question 28 of 47

Where is it?
Mid brain.

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Question 29 of 47

Name the 5 basal ganglia?
Substantia nigra, putamen (striatum), globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, subthalamic nucleus.

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Question 30 of 47

Where is the claustrum? What is its function?
Lateral to putamen, vision attention.

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Question 31 of 47

What is a pyramidal cell?
Large cell motor neuron.

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Question 32 of 47

What is the basic pathway for fine motor improvement / initiation?
Cortex planning – putamen – globus pallidus ext – globus pallidus int – thalamus – cortex plan.

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Question 33 of 47

Which neurons utilises glutamate? (exitotory) (2)
Cortex – striatul, thalamus – motor cortex planning.

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Question 34 of 47

Which neurons use GABA? (3)
Striatim – globus pallidus – thalamus.

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Question 35 of 47

Is GABA inhibitory or excitatory?
Inhibitory.

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Question 36 of 47

Which structures are the pars reticulata and pars compacta a part of?
Substantia nigra.

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Question 37 of 47

What two main types of fibre govern whether dopamine will be excitatory or inhibitory?
D1-like / D2-like.

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Question 38 of 47

Which movements does the cerebellum control?
Learned (patterns) termination, co ordination, unconscious, ballistic.

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Question 39 of 47

Which neurotransmitter does it use?
Glutamate.

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Question 40 of 47

What is the pathway of the corticospinal tract?
Motor cortex – internal capsule – crus cerebri – pons – medulla – sc.

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Question 41 of 47

What does the corticospinal tract do at the pons?
Separates into smaller bundles to navigate structures.

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Question 42 of 47

What happens at the medulla?
85% decussate.

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Question 43 of 47

Where do the remaining 15% decussate?
Spinal segmented level.

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Question 44 of 47

Which muscles do the 85% innervate?
Arms / legs / trunk (precise).

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Question 45 of 47

Which muscles do the 15% innervate?
Core muscles / spine (imprecise).

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Question 46 of 47

Which part of the spinal cord do upper motor neurons descend?
Ventral grey horn.

Question 46 of 47

Question 47 of 47

Describe the resultant difference between a lesion in an upper MN and LMN?
VMN = spastic paralysis (no fine movement control & over excitation). LMN = flaccid paralysis.

Question 47 of 47